A process for the generation of energy and/or hydrocarbons and other products utilizing carbonaceous materials. In a first process stage (P1) the carbonaceous materials are supplied and are pyrolysed, wherein pyrolysis coke (M21) and pyrolysis gas (M22) are formed. In a second process stage (P2), the pyrolysis coke (M21) from the first process stage (P1) is gasified, wherein synthesis gas (M24) is formed, and slag and other residues (M91, M92, M93, M94) are removed. In a third process stage (P3), the synthesis gas (M24) from the second process stage (P2) is converted into hydrocarbons and/or other solid, liquid, and/or gaseous products (M60), which are discharged. The three process stages (P1, P2, P3) form a closed cycle. Surplus gas (M25) from the third process stage (P3) is passed as recycle gas into the first process stage (P1), and/or the second process stage (P2), and pyrolysis gas (M22) from the first process stage (P1) is passed into the second process stage (P2), and/or the third process stage (P3).

A process for the generation of energy and/or hydrocarbons and other products utilizing carbonaceous materials. In a first process stage (P1) the carbonaceous materials are supplied and are pyrolysed, wherein pyrolysis coke (M21) and pyrolysis gas (M22) are formed. In a second process stage (P2), the pyrolysis coke (M21) from the first process stage (P1) is gasified, wherein synthesis gas (M24) is formed, and slag and other residues (M91, M92, M93, M94) are removed. In a third process stage (P3), the synthesis gas (M24) from the second process stage (P2) is converted into hydrocarbons and/or other solid, liquid, and/or gaseous products (M60), which are discharged. The three process stages (P1, P2, P3) form a closed cycle. Surplus gas (M25) from the third process stage (P3) is passed as recycle gas into the first process stage (P1), and/or the second process stage (P2), and pyrolysis gas (M22) from the first process stage (P1) is passed into the second process stage (P2), and/or the third process stage (P3).

A gasification apparatus for gasifying a carbonaceous feedstock to produce raw syngas includes a gasifier in which the raw syngas flows, a heat exchanger provided inside the gasifier downstream to exchange heat with the raw syngas, a hanger pipe through which a part of water supplied from a water supply passage flows to support a load of the heat exchanger, a heat exchanger inflow passage configured to cause the water flowing out from the hanger pipe to flow to an inflow side of the heat exchanger, a bypass passage branching from the water supply passage to cause a remaining of the water supplied to the hanger pipe, a bypass valve provided in the bypass passage, and a control device configured to control, depending on a gasifier load, an opening degree of the bypass valve to adjust the water supplied to the hanger pipe and the bypass passage.

A gasification apparatus for gasifying a carbonaceous feedstock to produce raw syngas includes a gasifier in which the raw syngas flows, a heat exchanger provided inside the gasifier downstream to exchange heat with the raw syngas, a hanger pipe through which a part of water supplied from a water supply passage flows to support a load of the heat exchanger, a heat exchanger inflow passage configured to cause the water flowing out from the hanger pipe to flow to an inflow side of the heat exchanger, a bypass passage branching from the water supply passage to cause a remaining of the water supplied to the hanger pipe, a bypass valve provided in the bypass passage, and a control device configured to control, depending on a gasifier load, an opening degree of the bypass valve to adjust the water supplied to the hanger pipe and the bypass passage.

A method and apparatus for generating electricity and producing carbon and heat via biomass fixed bed gasification, said method and apparatus utilising medium calorific value combustible gas to satisfy high-temperature high-pressure boiler heat requirements, and increasing overall electricity generation efficiency. The method and apparatus have low nitrogen oxides amounts, satisfy environmental protection requirements, and do not require denitrification treatment. The method comprises the following steps: feeding a biomass raw material into a gasification apparatus to prepare a medium calorific value biomass combustible gas, and performing gasification on the biomass raw material at 700-850 C. under the effect of an air/water vapour pre-mixed gasification agent to produce a combustible gas, the calorific value of the combustible gas being 1600-1800 kcal, the temperature being 200-300 C.; directly feeding the combustible gas into an environmentally friendly combustion chamber for combustion, and then into a high-temperature high-pressure boiler, the gas combusting within the high-temperature high-pressure boiler to produce high-temperature high-pressure steam, which drives a steam turbine to generate electricity; utilising steam waste heat discharged by the steam turbine; using boiler tail gas to heat air by means of an air preheater, the hot air being respectively fed into the combustion chamber and the gasification apparatus by means of an air blower, and utilising the waste heat.

A reactor system made up of a single canister or a plurality of separate canister sections for the advanced thermal chemical conversion processing of municipal solid waste (MSW), either sorted or unsorted, and autoclaves specially designed to process the waste at suitable temperature and pressure combinations is disclosed. The canister sections can be individually and separately filled with compressed bales of MSW or with selected loose MSW. The reactor system can produce syngas that has an enhanced BTU value, typically between about 300 to 700 BTU/ft.sup.3. The remainder solid waste material generally amounts to approximately 5% of the original MSW volume. This material can then be sorted for metals with the balance being sent to a landfill or other recycling processes depending on its composition.

A method of processing MSW, either sorted or unsorted, which can be carried out through the use of canisters to hold the waste feedstock, and autoclaves specially designed to process the waste at suitable temperature and pressure combinations is disclosed. The final solid product is a mixture of carbon ash and non-combustible materials, such as, metals, drywall, etc., and syngas that has an enhanced BTU value, typically between about 300 to 700 BTU/ft.sup.3. The remainder solid material generally amounts to approximately 5% of the original MSW volume. This material can then be sorted for metals with the balance being sent to a landfill or other recycling processes depending on its composition.

The invention is directed to a co-gasification process that uses biomass and VGO as a feedstock to produce syngas which includes a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen.

The invention is directed to a co-gasification process that uses biomass and VGO as a feedstock to produce syngas which includes a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen.

A thermolysis oil derived from textile is described. The oil comprises an N-heterocyclic aromatic compound and/or a substituted derivative thereof in an amount of at least 2 wt. %. Also described is a method of providing a thermolysis oil, a feeder (100) for an apparatus (1) for thermolysing a textile, an apparatus (1) for thermolysing a textile and a use of waste textile.