A thermolysis oil derived from textile is described. The oil comprises an N-heterocyclic aromatic compound and/or a substituted derivative thereof in an amount of at least 2 wt. %. Also described is a method of providing a thermolysis oil, a feeder (100) for an apparatus (1) for thermolysing a textile, an apparatus (1) for thermolysing a textile and a use of waste textile.

The invention relates to a device (100) for converting carbonaceous dry raw materials (MPCS) into a synthesis gas, comprising a MPCS pyrolysis chamber (110); a port (106) for introducing the MPCS into said pyrolysis chamber (110); and a port (108) for extraction of synthesis gas from said pyrolysis chamber (110). The device (100) further includes a central chamber (120) immersed in said pyrolysis chamber (110) and comprising a port (128) allowing only a gaseous communication between said central chamber (120) and said pyrolysis chamber (110); and an oxygen injection port (132) in said central chamber (120) for oxidizing at least one portion of the pyrolysis gases passing from the pyrolysis chamber (110) to the central chamber (120).

The invention relates to a device (100) for converting carbonaceous dry raw materials (MPCS) into a synthesis gas, comprising a MPCS pyrolysis chamber (110); a port (106) for introducing the MPCS into said pyrolysis chamber (110); and a port (108) for extraction of synthesis gas from said pyrolysis chamber (110). The device (100) further includes a central chamber (120) immersed in said pyrolysis chamber (110) and comprising a port (128) allowing only a gaseous communication between said central chamber (120) and said pyrolysis chamber (110); and an oxygen injection port (132) in said central chamber (120) for oxidizing at least one portion of the pyrolysis gases passing from the pyrolysis chamber (110) to the central chamber (120).

The CO shift unit 500 as part of the plant 1 for conversing solid waste into a product gas stream comprising hydrogen allows an energy efficient use of the low temperature heat energy in the low temperature heat recovery unit 524 to heat process water streams used in the plant 1.

The CO shift unit 500 as part of the plant 1 for conversing solid waste into a product gas stream comprising hydrogen allows an energy efficient use of the low temperature heat energy in the low temperature heat recovery unit 524 to heat process water streams used in the plant 1.

A process for the generation of energy and/or hydrocarbons and other products utilizing carbonaceous materials. In a first process stage (P1) the carbonaceous materials are supplied and are pyrolysed, wherein pyrolysis coke (M21) and pyrolysis gas (M22) are formed. In a second process stage (P2), the pyrolysis coke (M21) from the first process stage (P1) is gasified, wherein synthesis gas (M24) is formed, and slag and other residues (M91, M92, M93, M94) are removed. In a third process stage (P3), the synthesis gas (M24) from the second process stage (P2) is converted into hydrocarbons and/or other solid, liquid, and/or gaseous products (M60), which are discharged. The three process stages (P1, P2, P3) form a closed cycle. Surplus gas (M25) from the third process stage (P3) is passed as recycle gas into the first process stage (P1), and/or the second process stage (P2), and pyrolysis gas (M22) from the first process stage (P1) is passed into the second process stage (P2), and/or the third process stage (P3).

A process for the generation of energy and/or hydrocarbons and other products utilizing carbonaceous materials. In a first process stage (P1) the carbonaceous materials are supplied and are pyrolysed, wherein pyrolysis coke (M21) and pyrolysis gas (M22) are formed. In a second process stage (P2), the pyrolysis coke (M21) from the first process stage (P1) is gasified, wherein synthesis gas (M24) is formed, and slag and other residues (M91, M92, M93, M94) are removed. In a third process stage (P3), the synthesis gas (M24) from the second process stage (P2) is converted into hydrocarbons and/or other solid, liquid, and/or gaseous products (M60), which are discharged. The three process stages (P1, P2, P3) form a closed cycle. Surplus gas (M25) from the third process stage (P3) is passed as recycle gas into the first process stage (P1), and/or the second process stage (P2), and pyrolysis gas (M22) from the first process stage (P1) is passed into the second process stage (P2), and/or the third process stage (P3).

Compositions and methods for preparing and using ceramic mixed ionic-electronic conductor (MIEC) enhanced transition metals and metal oxides in composite or core-shell forms are disclosed. The presently disclosed compositions are stable at high temperatures and can carry as much as about 20 weight % oxygen.

Reactive diluent fluid (22) is introduced into a stream of synthesis gas (or syngas) produced in a heat-generating unit such as a partial oxidation (PDX) reactor (12) to cool the syngas and form a mixture of cooled syngas and reactive diluent fluid. Carbon dioxide and/or carbon components and/or hydrogen in the mixture of cooled syngas and reactive diluent fluid is reacted (26) with at least a portion of the reactive diluent fluid in the mixture to produce carbon monoxide-enriched and/or solid carbon depleted syngas which is fed into a secondary reformer unit (30) such as an enhanced heat transfer reformer in a heat exchange reformer process. An advantage of the invention is that problems with the mechanical integrity of the secondary unit arising from the high temperature of the syngas from the heat-generating unit are avoided.

Reactive diluent fluid (22) is introduced into a stream of synthesis gas (or syngas) produced in a heat-generating unit such as a partial oxidation (PDX) reactor (12) to cool the syngas and form a mixture of cooled syngas and reactive diluent fluid. Carbon dioxide and/or carbon components and/or hydrogen in the mixture of cooled syngas and reactive diluent fluid is reacted (26) with at least a portion of the reactive diluent fluid in the mixture to produce carbon monoxide-enriched and/or solid carbon depleted syngas which is fed into a secondary reformer unit (30) such as an enhanced heat transfer reformer in a heat exchange reformer process. An advantage of the invention is that problems with the mechanical integrity of the secondary unit arising from the high temperature of the syngas from the heat-generating unit are avoided.