The present invention provides a process for the manufacture of a useful product from carbonaceous feedstock of fluctuating compositional characteristics, the process comprising the steps of: continuously providing the carbonaceous feedstock of fluctuating compositional characteristics to a gasification zone; gasifying the carbonaceous feedstock in the gasification zone to obtain raw synthesis gas; sequentially removing ammoniacal, sulphurous and carbon dioxide impurities from the raw synthesis gas to form desulphurised gas and recovering carbon dioxide in substantially pure form; converting at least a portion of the desulphurised synthesis gas to a useful product. Despite having selected a more energy intensive sub-process i.e. physical absorption for removal of acid gas impurities, the overall power requirement of the facility is lower on account of lower steam requirements and thereby leading to a decrease in the carbon intensity score for the facility.

An apparatus and methods to eliminate PFAS from wastewater biosolids through fluidized bed gasification. The gasifier decomposes the PFAS in the biosolids at temperatures of 900-1800° F. Synthesis gas (syngas) exits the gasifier which is coupled to a thermal oxidizer and is combusted at temperatures of 1600-2600° F. This decomposes PFAS in the syngas and creates flue gas. Heat can be recovered from the flue gas by cooling the flue gas to temperatures of 400-1200° F. in a heat exchanger that is coupled with the thermal oxidizer. Cooled flue gas is mixed with hydrated lime, enhancing PFAS decomposition, with the spent lime filtered from the cooled flue gas using a filter system that may incorporate catalyst impregnated filter elements. The apparatus and methods thereby eliminate PFAS from wastewater biosolids and control emissions in the resulting flue gas.

Process for manufacturing a hydrogen-containing synthesis gas from a natural gas feedstock, comprising the conversion of said natural gas into a raw product gas and purification of said product gas, the process having a heat input provided by combustion of a fuel; said process comprises a step of conversion of a carbonaceous feedstock, and at least a portion of said fuel is a gaseous fuel obtained by said step of conversion of said carbonaceous feedstock.

Provided is a process capable of converting the cokes on spent catalysts in a fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) process into synthesis gas. The produced synthesis gas contains high concentrations of CO and H.sub.2 and may be utilized in many downstream applications such as syngas fermentation for alcohol production, hydrogen production and synthesis of chemical intermediates. A reducer/regenerator reactor for a fluid catalytic process comprising a chemical looping system to produce synthesis gas is also described.

A direct carbonaceous material to power generation system integrates one or more solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) into a fluidized bed gasifier. The fuel cell anode is in direct contact with bed material so that the H.sub.2 and CO generated in the bed are oxidized to H.sub.2O and CO.sub.2 to create a push-pull or source-sink reaction environment. The SOFC is exothermic and supplies heat within a reaction chamber of the gasifier where the fluidized bed conducts an endothermic reaction. The products from the anode are the reactants for the reformer and vice versa. A lower bed in the reaction chamber may comprise engineered multi-function material which may incorporate one or more catalysts and reactant adsorbent sites to facilitate excellent heat and mass transfer and fluidization dynamics in fluidized beds. The catalyst is capable of cracking tars and reforming hydrocarbons.

The invention relates to an apparatus for treating waste material including organic components and radioactive agents. In the apparatus the waste material including organic components and radioactive agents are gasified at temperature between 600-950° C. in a fluidized bed reactor to form a gaseous material. The gaseous material is than cooled in a water quenching device so that temperature is between 300-500° C. after the cooling. The solid fraction including radioactive agents is removed from the gaseous material in a in at least one filtration device. A gas scrubbing device then removes sulphur by scrubbing the treated gaseous material after the filtration in order to form a treated gaseous material.

Provided is a thermal decomposition method that allows efficient thermal decomposition of an organic substance such as a plastic to produce gas and oil with high heating value and with which a large amount of the organic substance can be processed. The method includes mixing the organic substance with an organic substance decomposition catalyst, forming the mixture to produce a composite agglomerated material, and thermally decomposing the organic substance by placing the composite agglomerated material in a thermal decomposition furnace. The maximum catalytic effect can be obtained since the organic substance and the catalyst are close to each other in the composite agglomerated material. Since the catalyst has thermal conductivity higher than that of the organic substance, the temperature rising rate of the organic substance can be increased. As a result, the efficiency of thermal decomposition of the organic substance by the catalyst can be improved, and the rate of thermal decomposition of the organic substance can be effectively increased.

A gasified gas production system of the present disclosure includes a gasification furnace which produces a gasified gas by gasifying a gasification raw material, a flow passage through which the gasified gas produced in the gasification furnace flows, a catalyst-holding unit which holds a catalyst which promotes reforming of tar included in the gasified gas inside the flow passage, and an oxidation agent supply unit which supplies an oxidation agent with a temperature of 200° C. to 900° C. to the catalyst.

Disclosed herein are integrated preparation and detection devices for studying biomass-burning aerosols, where the devices include a micro-fluidized bed reactor (MFBR), a transmission line, and an on-line detection unit that are connected in sequence. The MFBR may include a pyrolysis reactor and a pyrolysis furnace; the pyrolysis reactor may include a thermocouple, an introduction tube, and quartz sands; the on-line detection unit may be an on-line photoionization mass spectrometer; and the photoionization mass spectrometer may include a laser desorption system, a laser ionizer and a light energy ionizer. Devices of the present disclosure are beneficial to retain the original state of aerosol particles, and the fixed MFBR can realize rapid pyrolysis of a biomass due to its high and stable heat conduction efficiency, which is beneficial to studying the formation mechanism of aerosol particles.

A process for producing black powder oxygen carriers for use in a chemical looping combustion unit includes the steps of: (a) removing and collecting the black powder waste material that was formed in a gas pipeline; (b) pre-treating the collected black powder to adjust its spherical shape to avoid attrition and fines production; and (c) activating the black powder to increase its reactivity rate and produce the black powder oxygen carrier that is suitable for use in the chemical looping combustion process as an oxygen carrier.