A gasification system for the partial oxidation of a carbonaceous feedstock to at least provide a synthesis gas, comprising: a reactor chamber for receiving and partially oxidizing the carbonaceous feedstock; a quench chamber below the floor of the reactor chamber for holding a bath of liquid coolant; an intermediate section at said reactor chamber floor, the intermediate section having a reactor outlet opening through which the reactor chamber communicates with the quench chamber to conduct the synthesis gas from the reactor chamber into the bath of the quench chamber; at least one layer of refractory bricks arranged on and supported by the reactor chamber floor, the lower end section of the refractory bricks enclosing the reactor outlet opening and defining the inner diameter thereof; and a dip tube extending from the reactor outlet opening to the bath of the quench chamber, the dip tube having a widened top section.

A gasification system for the partial oxidation of a carbonaceous feedstock to at least provide a synthesis gas, comprising: a reactor chamber for receiving and partially oxidizing the carbonaceous feedstock; a quench chamber below the floor of the reactor chamber for holding a bath of liquid coolant; an intermediate section at said reactor chamber floor, the intermediate section having a reactor outlet opening through which the reactor chamber communicates with the quench chamber to conduct the synthesis gas from the reactor chamber into the bath of the quench chamber; at least one layer of refractory bricks arranged on and supported by the reactor chamber floor, the lower end section of the refractory bricks enclosing the reactor outlet opening and defining the inner diameter thereof; and a dip tube extending from the reactor outlet opening to the bath of the quench chamber, the dip tube having a widened top section.

A gasification unit includes a gasifier configured to gasify a carbon-containing solid fuel; a pressure vessel housing the gasification furnace; a pressure holding section that is to be filled with a pressurizing gas and is provided between the gasifier and the pressure vessel; a pressurizing gas supply device configured to supply a pressurizing gas to the pressure holding section; pressure equalizing pipes by which the inside of the gasifier is communicated with the pressure holding section; a pressure difference detection and estimation device configured to detect or estimate a pressure difference between a first pressure on the gasifier side and a second pressure on the pressure holding section side; and a control device configured to control the pressurizing gas supply device such that the second pressure is higher than the first pressure based on a detection or estimation result of the pressure difference detection and estimation device.

An apparatus for the gasification and vitrification of waste comprises a plasma arc furnace provided with two movable graphite electrodes. The furnace includes an air-cooled bottom electrode adapted for transferring the current through a slag melt. The furnace is entirely sealed and is also provided with gas tight electrode seals adapted to control reducing conditions inside the furnace. An electrical circuit is further provided, which is adapted for switching from transferred io non-transferred modes of heating, thereby allowing the furnace to be restarted in case of slag freezing.

An apparatus for the gasification and vitrification of waste comprises a plasma arc furnace provided with two movable graphite electrodes. The furnace includes an air-cooled bottom electrode adapted for transferring the current through a slag melt. The furnace is entirely sealed and is also provided with gas tight electrode seals adapted to control reducing conditions inside the furnace. An electrical circuit is further provided, which is adapted for switching from transferred io non-transferred modes of heating, thereby allowing the furnace to be restarted in case of slag freezing.

Disclosed is a hydrogen generation furnace using decomposition of biomass steam, which employs an infrared source and a furnace body with a water-accommodating structure. A steam separation-drying device is cylindrical and provided at an upper part of an interior of the furnace body and a cavity of the steam separation-drying device forms a secondary gasifier. A lattice plate is provided at a bottom of the interior of the furnace body. A lattice combustion grate is provided above a middle of the lattice plate. A steam distributor is provided outside a lower part of the furnace body. The furnace of the invention performs gasified gas separation as well as secondary oxidation and gasification and mixes steam with gas generated from biomass to perform a decomposition reaction for generating hydrogen.

Disclosed is a hydrogen generation furnace using decomposition of biomass steam, which employs an infrared source and a furnace body with a water-accommodating structure. A steam separation-drying device is cylindrical and provided at an upper part of an interior of the furnace body and a cavity of the steam separation-drying device forms a secondary gasifier. A lattice plate is provided at a bottom of the interior of the furnace body. A lattice combustion grate is provided above a middle of the lattice plate. A steam distributor is provided outside a lower part of the furnace body. The furnace of the invention performs gasified gas separation as well as secondary oxidation and gasification and mixes steam with gas generated from biomass to perform a decomposition reaction for generating hydrogen.

A method and system for continuous production of contaminant free and size specific biochar using downdraft gasification of variable quality feedstock. The system and process of the present invention includes the transfer of biochar from a gasifier after gasification to a temperature-controlled cooling screw conveyor, into a drum magnet for ferrous metal removal into multiple diverters to separate and remove ungasified materials and non-ferrous metal contaminants, then transferred into a granulator for grinding and screening the biochar to a pre-selected size. By directly attaching a novel and continuous product treatment process to the biochar stream as it exits the gasifier, the particle size, moisture content, carbon content and yield of a contaminant free biochar product can be narrowly controlled and improved to meet strict product quality specifications required by specialty applications.

A method and system for continuous production of contaminant free and size specific biochar using downdraft gasification of variable quality feedstock. The system and process of the present invention includes the transfer of biochar from a gasifier after gasification to a temperature-controlled cooling screw conveyor, into a drum magnet for ferrous metal removal into multiple diverters to separate and remove ungasified materials and non-ferrous metal contaminants, then transferred into a granulator for grinding and screening the biochar to a pre-selected size. By directly attaching a novel and continuous product treatment process to the biochar stream as it exits the gasifier, the particle size, moisture content, carbon content and yield of a contaminant free biochar product can be narrowly controlled and improved to meet strict product quality specifications required by specialty applications.

Implementations of a non-polluting biomass processor, and manufactured processor components are disclosed which at least partly address the local technical problems of a municipality, business, and/or organization, to generate non-polluting emissions, while generating at least one, often two or more, product outputs from biomass feedstocks input into the biomass processor. Examples of the operations of the biomass processor and various combinations of its manufactured processor components are disclosed. The product outputs may include carbon char and/or activated carbon, both of which may be used to increase water retention in climates with hot, dry summers and/or used to remediate water pollution in water reservoirs.