Novel redox based systems for fuel and chemical production with in-situ CO.sub.2 capture are provided. A redox system using one or more chemical intermediates is utilized in conjunction with liquid fuel generation via indirect Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, direct hydrogenation, or pyrolysis. The redox system is used to generate a hydrogen rich stream and/or CO.sub.2 and/or heat for liquid fuel and chemical production. A portion of the byproduct fuels and/or steam from liquid fuel and chemical synthesis is used as part of the feedstock for the redox system.

Novel redox based systems for fuel and chemical production with in-situ CO.sub.2 capture are provided. A redox system using one or more chemical intermediates is utilized in conjunction with liquid fuel generation via indirect Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, direct hydrogenation, or pyrolysis. The redox system is used to generate a hydrogen rich stream and/or CO.sub.2 and/or heat for liquid fuel and chemical production. A portion of the byproduct fuels and/or steam from liquid fuel and chemical synthesis is used as part of the feedstock for the redox system.

A multi-stage product gas generation system converts a carbonaceous material, such as municipal solid waste, into a product gas which may subsequently be converted into a liquid fuel or other material. One or more reactors containing bed material may be used to conduct reactions to effect the conversions. Unreacted inert feedstock contaminants present in the carbonaceous material may be separated from bed material using a portion of the product gas. A heat transfer medium collecting heat from a reaction in one stage may be applied as a reactant input in another, earlier stage.

A method and apparatus for generating electricity and producing carbon and heat via biomass fixed bed gasification, said method and apparatus utilising medium calorific value combustible gas to satisfy high-temperature high-pressure boiler heat requirements, and increasing overall electricity generation efficiency. The method and apparatus have low nitrogen oxides amounts, satisfy environmental protection requirements, and do not require denitrification treatment. The method comprises the following steps: feeding a biomass raw material into a gasification apparatus to prepare a medium calorific value biomass combustible gas, and performing gasification on the biomass raw material at 700-850 C. under the effect of an air/water vapour pre-mixed gasification agent to produce a combustible gas, the calorific value of the combustible gas being 1600-1800 kcal, the temperature being 200-300 C.; directly feeding the combustible gas into an environmentally friendly combustion chamber for combustion, and then into a high-temperature high-pressure boiler, the gas combusting within the high-temperature high-pressure boiler to produce high-temperature high-pressure steam, which drives a steam turbine to generate electricity; utilising steam waste heat discharged by the steam turbine; using boiler tail gas to heat air by means of an air preheater, the hot air being respectively fed into the combustion chamber and the gasification apparatus by means of an air blower, and utilising the waste heat.

A multi-stage product gas generation system converts a carbonaceous material, such as municipal solid waste, into a product gas which may subsequently be converted into a liquid fuel or other material. One or more reactors containing bed material may be used to conduct reactions to effect the conversions. Unreacted inert feedstock contaminants present in the carbonaceous material may be separated from bed material using a portion of the product gas. A heat transfer medium collecting heat from a reaction in one stage may be applied as a reactant input in another, earlier stage.

A syngas production system includes a gasification reactor and a syngas pressure vessel downstream of the gasification reactor. The syngas pressure vessel includes a pressure vessel having a body with a first portion and a second portion. The syngas pressure vessel also includes an evaporator disposed in the pressure vessel; a coil disposed in the pressure vessel; and a tongue-and-groove flange assembly. The tongue-and-groove flange assembly includes: a first flange with a raised ring extending from a face of the first flange, the first flange attached to the first portion of the body; a second flange with a groove defined in a face of the second flange. The second flange is attached to the second portion of the body. The raised ring extends from the face of the first flange and is positioned in the groove defined in the face of the second flange.

The invention provides a hydrogen boiler based on coal gasification and water decomposition, including a steam boiler which includes an upper furnace and a lower furnace; water and steam in the upper furnace are respectively communicated with water and steam in the lower furnace; and the steam boiler is provided with a casing which has a narrow gap for containing water and a wide wall for heating to generate gas. The steam boiler contains multistage reactors. A coal modification and gasification device is provided at an outer side of the steam boiler and is provided with two chambers. The steam and gasified gas of coal are mixed and enter the reactors for direct burning to promote respective reactions. After several stages of modification and decomposition, the steam and the gasified gas of coal are completely converted to hydrogen.

The invention provides a hydrogen boiler based on coal gasification and water decomposition, including a steam boiler which includes an upper furnace and a lower furnace; water and steam in the upper furnace are respectively communicated with water and steam in the lower furnace; and the steam boiler is provided with a casing which has a narrow gap for containing water and a wide wall for heating to generate gas. The steam boiler contains multistage reactors. A coal modification and gasification device is provided at an outer side of the steam boiler and is provided with two chambers. The steam and gasified gas of coal are mixed and enter the reactors for direct burning to promote respective reactions. After several stages of modification and decomposition, the steam and the gasified gas of coal are completely converted to hydrogen.

A gasification co-generation process of coal powder in a Y-type entrained flow bed, comprising: spraying coal water slurry or coal powder, gasification agent and water vapor into a gasification furnace through a top nozzle and a plurality of side nozzles for performing combustion and gasification with a residence time of 10 s or more; chilling the resulting slag with water, and subjecting the chilled slag to a dry method slagging to obtain gasification slag used as cement clinker; discharging the produced crude syngas carrying fine ash from the Y-type entrained flow bed to perform ash-slag separation.

A combined heat and power plant includes a gasifier, a heat exchanger arranged to reduce the temperature of the raw synthesis gas formed in the gasifier by exchanging the heat of the raw synthesis gas into heating medium used for heating and forming cooled raw synthesis gas, a filtration unit for cleaning the cooled raw synthesis gas to form refined synthesis gas suitable as a fuel for an internal combustion engine, an internal combustion engine where the refined synthesis gas is burnt to produce mechanical power, ducts for connecting different parts of the plant to each other a raw gas burner arranged after the gasifier to burn the raw synthesis gas formed in the gasifier during the time when the refined synthesis gas is not utilized in the internal combustion engine. A method for treating raw synthesis gas a combined heat and power plant is also disclosed.