Provided is a gasification furnace that can efficiently gasify a biomass resource. The gasification furnace may include a furnace body including a cylindrical storing unit that may store a biomass resource, an oxidizer supplying unit that may supply an oxidizer into the furnace body, a shaft extended in a vertical direction in the storing unit and including an oxidizer supply path through which the oxidizer may be passed, an oxidizer supply tube that may include an oxidizer channel that communicates between a supply port for the oxidizer opened in an outer surface in contact with the biomass resource in the storing unit and the oxidizer supply path of the shaft, and a driving unit that may rotate the shaft with the vertical direction in the storing unit set as a rotation axis to thereby turn the oxidizer supply tube in the storing unit.

Aspects provide for volatilizing a biomass-based fuel stream, removing undesirable components from the resulting volatiles stream, and combusting the resulting stream (e.g., in a kiln). Removal of particles, ash, and/or H2O from the volatiles stream improves its economic value and enhances the substitution of legacy (e.g., fossil) fuels with biomass-based fuels. Aspects may be particularly advantageous for upgrading otherwise low-quality biomass to a fuel specification sufficient for industrial implementation. A volatilization reactor may include a fluidized bed reactor, which may comprise multiple stages and/or a splashgenerator. A splashgenerator may impart directed momentum to a portion of the bed to increase bed transport via directed flow.

The present disclosure provides an internally self-circulating fluidized bed gasifier and an air distributor therein for generating a stepped constrained wind. The air distributor includes a gas-material mixture through hole and a plurality of vent holes. Each of the vent holes is designed to have a winding path. Due to the winding paths of the vent holes and an arrangement of converging outlets of the vent holes to the gas-material mixture through hole, which is in communication with a furnace chamber, the present disclosure enables a gas entering the furnace chamber to form a stepped constrained wind and effectively prevents solid-phase materials in the furnace chamber from leaking into a gas mixture chamber. The internally self-circulating fluidized bed gasifier can achieve self-circulation combustion gasification for multiple times and a well-controlled gasification temperature, resulting in a high coal gasification efficiency without an ash leakage.

Various aspects provide for a multistage fluidized bed reactor, particularly comprising a volatilization stage and a combustion stage. The gas phases above the bed solids in the respective stages are separated by a wall. An opening (e.g., in the wall) provides for transport of the bed solids from the volatilization stage to the combustion stage. Active control of the gas pressure in the two stages may be used to control residence time. Various aspects provide for a fuel stream processing system having a pretreatment reactor, a combustion reactor, and optionally a condensation reactor. The condensation reactor receives a volatiles stream volatilized by the volatilization reactor. The combustion reactor receives a char stream resulting from the removal of the volatiles by the volatilization reactor.

Provided is a powder fuel supply apparatus comprising a distributor (84) that branches supplied powder fuel to a plurality of branch tubes (82), a plurality of burners (126a) connected to downstream ends (82a) of the plurality of branch tubes (82), respectively, to supply char into a gasification furnace that gasifies the powder fuel, a flow nozzle (85) provided in each of the plurality of branch tubes (82), to apply pressure loss to char flow in the branch tube (82), a differential pressure gauge (86) that measures a differential pressure generated by the flow nozzle (85), and a control unit that determines decrease in flow velocity of the char flow based on the differential pressure obtained by the differential pressure gauge (86).

A gasification system and a method for gasifying a particulate carbonaceous fuel are disclosed. The gasification system has a gasification chamber with an upper section and a lower section with a fuel inlet for injecting a particulate carbonaceous fuel and oxidant into the upper section whereby, in a thermo-chemical reaction, synthesis gas and residual char is generated. The gasification system further includes a separator configured to receive the synthesis gas and to separate residual tar form the synthesis gas. Further, there is a char bed disposed in the lower section formed by residual char generated in the thermo-chemical reaction and a gas-inlet at a bottom portion of the lower section for injecting gas into the char bed. The residual tar is injected into the char bed whereby, in a thermal cracking process, the residual tar is converted into synthesis gas. Hereby, it is possible to utilize the otherwise lost energy contained in the residual tar, and thereby achieve better efficiency in a gasification system, in a cost-effective and simple manner.

An injector mixer for a gasification reactor system that utilizes reactants includes an injector body that extends between a first face and a second face. The injector body includes a first passage that extends between the first face and the second face and has a first central axis. At least one second, impinging passage extends between the first face and second face and has an associated second central axis that has an angle with the first axis. The angle satisfies mixing efficiency Equation (I) disclosed herein.

Disclosed are methods and systems for producing a gas from a combustible material. In particular, disclosed are methods and systems for batch-type production of a gas from a combustible material. The methods and systems include igniting at least a portion of the combustible material loaded in the sealed containment structure to form a thermally affected layer, wherein the step of feeding the oxidant into the sealed containment structure is carried out so that conversion of the combustible material to a gas at one point in the sequence is initiated prior to complete conversion of the combustible material at a previous point in the sequence.

The present invention relates to a process and an installation for the continuous flow of gasification of heterogeneous mixtures of organic substances and compounds such as biomass waste, forestry, municipal solid and liquid waste, sludge from sewage treatment plants and other similar waste. Presentation Of The Invention: The process according to the invention has the following steps: a) the organic raw material in heterogeneous mixture is introduced into the pyrolysis reactor (2) where it is gradually heated, by forced convection and thermal radiation, to a temperature of 900 . . . 1000 C., being kept in contact with metal surfaces that transport thermal energy through conduction from the exothermic area of the gasification reactor. The metal surfaces are placed in fixed positions, different so that the contact surface changes after 5 . . . 20 cm traversed by the flow of organic raw material, each group of metal slats forming 2 . . . 8 separation planes, b) the results the pyrolysis process, respectively the solid, liquid and gaseous phases, are gravitationally transferred to the gasification reactor (1) where they are mixed with the gasification agent, respectively air/oxygen and steam in two successive enclosures, the first enclosure with vortex flow and the second with laminar flow, each stage having independent control of the process parameters. The installation according to the invention consists of one or more pyrolysis reactors (2) of cylindrical or prismatic shape, fixed in the enclosures (15) of the gasification reactor (1), a nozzle system (18) for the controlled introduction of air/oxygen and a lock system consisting of the valve (3) and the container (4) for slag removal.

Improvements to the gasifier furnace design and process method to facilitate continuous production of mainly H.sub.2, CO and granulated solid from molten liquid or the liquid slag in the presence of carbonaceous material. It is a method of quenching molten liquid and cooling post quenched hot granulated solid which is done within a long horizontal reaction chamber space of the furnace in the presence of C and H.sub.2O. A moving layer of continuously gas cooled granulated solid protects the moving floor underneath by substantially reducing the possibility of heat transfer from the horizontal reaction chamber to such moving floor and its parts and preventing direct contact between the post quenched hot solid granulates and such moving floor. Such moving floor having plurality of gas passages and is disposed above a plenum that receives gas from outside source and uniformly distributes the gas to pass through all the gas passages.