A bottom fraction of a product of a hydrocatalytic reaction is gasified to generate hydrogen for use in further hydrocatalytic reactions. In one embodiment, an overhead fraction of the hydrocatalytic reaction is further processed to generate higher molecular weight compounds. In another embodiment, a product of the further processing is separated into a bottom fraction and an overhead fraction, where the bottom fraction is also gasified to generate hydrogen for use in further hydrocatalytic reactions.

A mixing apparatus for producing a feedstock for a reformer, the mixing apparatus including at least one mixing vessel comprising a cylindrical vessel with a conical bottom; a steam inlet configured for introducing steam into the conical bottom; a carbonaceous material inlet configured for introducing a carbonaceous feed into the cylindrical vessel; and an outlet for a reformer feedstock comprising at least 0.3 pounds of steam per pound of carbonaceous material, with the at least one mixing vessel configured for operation at a pressure of greater than about 10 psig.

Process for preparing a hydrocarbon product from a solid carbonaceous fuel (8), the process at least comprising the steps of: (a) supplying a solid carbonaceous fuel (8) and an oxygen containing stream (9) to a burner of a gasification reactor (10), wherein a CO.sub.2 containing transport gas (30, 32) is used to transport the solid carbonaceous fuel (8) to the burner wherein the weight ratio of CO.sub.2 to the carbonaceous fuel in step (a) is less than 0.5 on dry basis.; (b) partially oxidising the carbonaceous fuel in the gasification reactor, thereby obtaining a gaseous stream at least comprising CO, CO.sub.2, and H.sub.2 (11); (c) removing the gaseous stream obtained in step (b) from the gasification reactor; (d) optionally shift converting (16) at least part of the gaseous stream as obtained in step (c) thereby obtaining a CO depleted stream, (e) subjecting the gaseous stream of step (c) and/or the optional CO depleted stream of step (d) to a Fischer-Tropsch reaction to obtain a hydrocarbon product (24).

A coal co-gasification method, comprising the following steps: 1, fuel and a first pressurised oxygen-containing gas are injected into a gasifier, and the fuel is ignited so as to increase the temperature inside the gasifier; 2, when the temperature increase reaches a temperature capable of igniting coal-water slurry to be injected, injection of the fuel and the first pressurised oxygen-containing gas is stopped, and the coal-water slurry and a second pressurised oxygen-containing gas are injected into the gasifier so as to perform coal-water slurry gasification; 3, once the coal-water slurry gasification has stabilised, a third pressurised oxygen-containing gas and carbon dioxide carrying powdered coal are injected into the gasifier to perform co-gasification. The method operates stably, and overcomes cumbersome and time-consuming adjustment steps in the prior art.

The present application provides a reactor for: converting feedstock material into gases; or disassociating or reforming a chemical compound; and/a a mixture to its constituent elements; and/to other chemical forms, and; finally a heating device. The reactor comprises a heating device for discharging an ionized gas into the reactor, a feedstock feeder for injecting the feedstock material into the reactor, and a shell forming a chamber that encloses a portion of the heating device and a portion of the feedstock feeder. The application also provides a method for converting hydrocarbon material into synthetic gases. The method comprises: providing the hydrocarbon material to a burner inserted into a reactor, a second step of supplying ionized gases into the reactor, and a third step of subjecting the burner to a flame of the ionized gases such that molecules of the hydrocarbon material are dissociated to forming synthetic gas.

A coal co-gasification method, comprising the following steps: 1, fuel and a first pressurised oxygen-containing gas are injected into a gasifier, and the fuel is ignited so as to increase the temperature inside the gasifier; 2, when the temperature increase reaches a temperature capable of igniting powdered coal to be injected, injection of the fuel is stopped, injection of the first pressurised oxygen-containing gas is continued, and a pressurised carbon dioxide gas carrying the powdered coal to be injected is injected into the gasifier so as to perform powdered coal gasification; 3, once the powdered coal gasification has stabilised, coal-water slurry and an oxygen-containing gas are injected into the gasifier to perform co-gasification. The method operates stably, and overcomes cumbersome and time-consuming adjustment steps in the prior art.

A mixing apparatus for producing a feedstock for a reformer, the mixing apparatus including at least one mixing vessel comprising a cylindrical vessel with a conical bottom; a steam inlet configured for introducing steam into the conical bottom; a carbonaceous material inlet configured for introducing a carbonaceous feed into the cylindrical vessel; and an outlet for a reformer feedstock comprising at least 0.3 pounds of steam per pound of carbonaceous material, with the at least one mixing vessel configured for operation at a pressure of greater than about 10 psig.

The present technology relates to converting plastic waste into sustainable fuels and other valuable chemicals using: (i) a pyrolysis reactor equipped with a dual fuel heating system, which is heated by electricity in a first run of pyrolysis process, and after thermal decomposition of the plastic waste, is heated by combustion a synthesis gas produced from a pyrolysis reaction, and (ii) a pyrolysis system comprising a first pyrolysis reactor and a second pyrolysis reactor operating in series, in which the second pyrolysis reactor is heated by a gas or electricity resulting from the first pyrolysis reactor; therefore, after the first pyrolysis reactor is operated, both the pyrolysis reactors can work without the need for external energy supply by burning pyrolysis products to generate heat or converting them to the electricity needed to dry waste feedstock and operate the pyrolysis reactors.

The present technology relates to converting plastic waste into sustainable fuels and other valuable chemicals using: (i) a pyrolysis reactor equipped with a dual fuel heating system, which is heated by electricity in a first run of pyrolysis process, and after thermal decomposition of the plastic waste, is heated by combustion a synthesis gas produced from a pyrolysis reaction, and (ii) a pyrolysis system comprising a first pyrolysis reactor and a second pyrolysis reactor operating in series, in which the second pyrolysis reactor is heated by a gas or electricity resulting from the first pyrolysis reactor; therefore, after the first pyrolysis reactor is operated, both the pyrolysis reactors can work without the need for external energy supply by burning pyrolysis products to generate heat or converting them to the electricity needed to dry waste feedstock and operate the pyrolysis reactors.

A system for using carbonaceous material includes a steam reformer, a hydrocarbon reformer, and at least one gas-cleanup system. Also described are methods of producing liquid fuel and/or chemicals from carbonaceous material.