Processes for converting ethane into ethylene include the steps of subjecting a water feed stream to electrolysis to form O.sub.2 and H.sub.2, subjecting a mixture of ethane and O.sub.2 to oxidative dehydrogenation to form a reaction product containing ethylene, acetic acid, water, and CO/CO.sub.2, separating the reaction product into an ethylene product stream, an acetic acid product stream, a water product stream, and a gas stream containing CO/CO.sub.2, and introducing the water product stream into the water feed stream for electrolysis. The ethylene product stream can be contacted with a suitable polymerization or oligomerization catalyst composition to produce ethylene polymers or ethylene oligomers.

The present disclosure relates to a processes and systems for producing fuels from biomass with high carbon conversion efficiency. The processes and systems described herein provide a highly efficient process for producing hydrocarbons from biomass with very low Green House Gas (GHG) emissions using a specific combination of components, process flows, and recycle streams. The processes and systems described herein provide a carbon conversion efficiency greater than 95% with little to no GHG in the flue gas due to the novel arrangement of components and utilizes renewable energy to provide energy to some components. The system reuses water and carbon dioxide produced in the process flows and recycles naphtha and tail gas streams to other units in the system for additional conversion to syngas to produce hydrocarbon-based fuels.

A method of forming a syngas for producing liquid hydrocarbons, the method comprising: providing a feed gas comprising carbon dioxide, hydrogen and compounds of sulfur; providing a carbon-monoxide-enriched feed gas by passing the feed gas to a reverse-water-gas-shift reaction chamber to convert a portion of the carbon dioxide and a portion of the hydrogen to carbon monoxide and water, and to convert at least a portion of the compounds of sulfur to hydrogen sulfide; passing the carbon-monoxide-enriched feed gas to a carbon-dioxide-removal unit to provide the syngas and a carbon-dioxide-enriched stream, the carbon-dioxide-enriched stream comprising carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide; providing a purified carbon-dioxide stream by passing the carbon-dioxide-enriched stream to a hydrogen-sulfide-removal unit to remove hydrogen sulfide from the carbon-dioxide-enriched stream; and recycling the purified carbon-dioxide stream into the feed gas.

Systems and methods are provided for integration of electrolysis with biomass gasification to generate synthesis gas that can be used for production of renewable fuels and/or other hydrocarbonaceous compounds. The hydrocarbonaceous compounds can include compounds formed by chemical synthesis, such as alkanes formed by a Fischer-Tropsch process or methanol formed by a methanol synthesis process; or the hydrocarbonaceous compounds can include compounds formed by fermentation, such as alcohols formed by micro-organisms that use the synthesis gas as an input feed.

The present invention includes a method for converting renewable energy source electricity and a hydrocarbon feedstock into a liquid fuel by providing a source of renewable electrical energy in communication with a synthesis gas generation unit and an air separation unit. Oxygen from the air separation unit and a hydrocarbon feedstock is provided to the synthesis gas generation unit, thereby causing partial oxidation reactions in the synthesis gas generation unit in a process that converts the hydrocarbon feedstock into synthesis gas. The synthesis gas is then converted into a liquid fuel.

Disclosed herein are novel devices, systems, and methods for resource recovery from various feed streams, including both liquid and solid waste streams. Specifically disclosed is a plasma gasification unit and/or system operated or controlled by artificial intelligence (AI). The AI can utilize reinforcement learning (RL) processes to adjust operational parameters for maximizing efficiency and/or output. The plasma gasification unit and/or system may be modular and/or mobile, with portions sized such that they may be contained in one or more shipping containers. The plasma gasification unit and/or system may also include one or more plasma gasification chambers, and uses electrical energy to form a high temperature plasma arc that gasifies feed materials (e.g., brine, brackish water, plastics) into saleable products (e.g., hydrogen, syngas and other fuels, methanol, ammonia, urea).

Certain exemplary embodiments can provide a system, machine, device, manufacture, circuit, composition of matter, and/or user interface adapted for and/or resulting from, and/or a method and/or machine-readable medium comprising machine-implementable instructions for, activities that can include and/or relate to, converting biomass to synthetic hydrocarbons using a biomass thermal decomposer and/or a hydrocarbon synthesizer.

Systems and methods for producing green hydrogen from a source material (e.g., biowaste) are contemplated. The source material is at least partially dehydrated to produce a dried intermediate and recovered water. The dried intermediate is pyrolyzed to produce syngas and a char. The recovered water is electrolyzed to produce oxygen and green hydrogen.

A plant, such as a hydrocarbon plant, or synfuels plant, is provided, with effective use of various streams, in particular carbon dioxide and hydrogen. A method for producing a product stream, such as a hydrocarbon product stream, is also provided. The plant and method of the present invention provide overall better utilization of carbon dioxide and hydrogen, while avoiding build-up of inert components.

What is provided is a liquid fuel manufacturing method in which efficiency can be achieved throughout the entire system. A liquid fuel manufacturing method has a hydrogen stock quantity checking step of checking a hydrogen stock quantity, a gasifying step of producing synthesis gas from a biomass raw material, an electrolyzing step of producing hydrogen from water by means of electricity of renewable energy, and a liquid fuel manufacturing step of manufacturing liquid fuel with synthesis gas produced in the gasifying step and hydrogen produced in the electrolyzing step as raw materials. In the liquid fuel manufacturing step, the amount of supplied water vapor is decreased stepwise when an H.sub.2/CO ratio is not smaller than a target lower limit value, and then the hydrogen stock quantity checking step is carried out when the H.sub.2/CO ratio becomes equal to or smaller than the target lower limit value. The amount of supplied water vapor is reverted to an immediately preceding amount when there is no hydrogen stock. The amount of supplied water vapor is decreased stepwise until the amount of produced carbon monoxide stops increasing when there is hydrogen stock, and the amount of supplied water vapor is reverted to the immediately preceding amount, hydrogen is supplied such that the H.sub.2/CO ratio becomes equivalent to the lower limit for the target value, and the hydrogen stock quantity checking step is carried out when carbon monoxide stops increasing.