The present invention relates to a process and plant for producing a hydrogen- and carbon oxides-having synthesis gas by partial oxidation of a carbonaceous feedstock having nitrogen compounds. The invention takes advantage of the different solubility of NH.sub.3 and CO.sub.2 as the synthesis gas stream is cooled. Water is condensed continuously throughout the cooling of the synthesis gas stream. NH.sub.3 preferentially dissolves or condenses into the liquid phase during cooling, but at relatively high temperatures, above about 80 to 100? C. Further condensation at lower temperatures then preferentially dissolves or condenses CO.sub.2 into the liquid phase. Thus, the formation of ammonium salts during cooling of the synthesis gas is prevented.

Processes are disclosed that utilize beneficial reactions downstream of carbonaceous feed (e.g., biomass) oxidative conversion technologies, and advantageously under conditions (e.g., high temperatures) and/or with the syngas effluent quality (e.g., having particulates and/or other impurities) characteristic of raw syngas exiting such technologies (e.g., prior to, or upstream of, certain syngas purification operations). Such conversion technologies utilize an oxygen-containing feed or, more broadly, an oxidant-containing feed. The beneficial reactions may be carried out by the introduction of hydrogen for performing the reverse water-gas shift (RWGS) reaction and/or by the introduction of one or more hydrocarbons (e.g., methane, ethane, and/or propane) for performing the dry reforming reaction. These and other reactions can advantageously adjust the composition of the syngas obtained (e.g., as the raw syngas from an oxidative conversion technology) in a manner benefitting its subsequent use in providing value-added products such as liquid hydrocarbons.

A process for the manufacture of one or more useful products comprises: gasifying a carbonaceous feedstock comprising waste materials and/or biomass in a gasification zone to generate a raw synthesis gas; supplying at least a portion of the raw synthesis gas to a clean-up zone to remove contaminants and provide a clean synthesis gas; supplying the clean synthesis gas to a first further reaction train to generate at least one first useful product and a tailgas; and diverting selectively on demand a portion of at least one of the carbonaceous feedstock, the clean synthesis gas, the tailgas and the light gas fraction to heat or power generation within the process, in response to external factors to control the carbon intensity of the overall process and enable GHG emission savings.

A method for the conversion of organic waste and/or biological waste into combustible products includes: feeding a first flow having organic waste and/or biological waste: performing a pyrolysis of the first flow to obtain one or more liquid pyrolysis products, one or more gaseous pyrolysis products, and one or more solid pyrolysis products; mixing the one or more solid pyrolysis products with a first aqueous flow, and subjecting the mixture to oxidation to obtain oxidation products; taking a first gaseous flow from the oxidation products; subjecting the one or more gaseous pyrolysis products to reforming, thereby obtaining one or more reforming products, taking a second gaseous flow from the reforming products, and subjecting the first gaseous flow and the second gaseous flow to catalytic hydrogenation, to obtain at least one first combustible.

A solids circulation system receives a gas stream containing char or other reacting solids from a first reactor. The solids circulation system includes a cyclone configured to receive the gas stream from the first reactor, a dipleg from the cyclone to a second reactor, and a riser from the second reactor which merges with the gas stream received by the cyclone. The second reactor has a dense fluid bed and converts the received materials to gaseous products. A conveying fluid transports a portion of the bed media from the second reactor through the riser to mix with the gas stream prior to cyclone entry. The bed media helps manipulate the solids that is received by the cyclone to facilitate flow of solids down the dipleg into the second reactor. The second reactor provides additional residence time, mixing and gas-solid contact for efficient conversion of char or reacting solids.

An optimized gasification/vitrification processing system having a gasification unit which converts organic materials to a hydrogen rich gas and ash in communication with a joule heated vitrification unit which converts the ash formed in the gasification unit into glass, and a plasma which converts elemental carbon and products of incomplete combustion formed in the gasification unit into a hydrogen rich gas.

The present invention relates to a method and system for recovering and processing a hydrocarbon mixture from a subterranean formation. The method comprises: (i) mobilizing said hydrocarbon mixture; (ii) recovering said mobilized hydrocarbon mixture; (iii) deasphalting said recovered hydrocarbon mixture to produce deasphalted hydrocarbon and asphaltenes; (iv) gasifying said asphaltenes in a gasifier to generate hydrogen, steam and/or energy and CO.sub.2; (v) upgrading said deasphalted hydrocarbon by hydrogen addition to produce upgraded hydrocarbon; and (vi) adding a diluent to said upgraded hydrocarbon, wherein said method is at least partially self-sufficient in terms of hydrogen and diluent.

The present disclosure relates to systems and methods useful for power production. In particular, a power production cycle utilizing CO.sub.2 as a working fluid may be configured for simultaneous hydrogen production. Beneficially, substantially all carbon arising from combustion in power production and hydrogen production is captured in the form of carbon dioxide. Further, produced hydrogen (optionally mixed with nitrogen received from an air separation unit) can be input as fuel in a gas turbine combined cycle unit for additional power production therein without any atmospheric CO.sub.2 discharge.

An industrial high temperature reformer and the reforming method in which a temperature of the reforming furnace is maintained at 1000 C. or higher by burning the coke, and a temperature of at least an upper half of the reforming furnace is maintained at 1200 C. or higher by burning the syngas, thereby producing syngas at a capacity of 500 m.sup.3/hour or more by reforming all carbonaceous feedstock which is supplied to the reforming furnace.

The invention relates to a device in the form of a 3-zone gasifier and to a method for operating such a gasifier.