Reactive diluent fluid (22) is introduced into a stream of synthesis gas (or syngas) produced in a heat-generating unit such as a partial oxidation (POX) reactor (12) to cool the syngas and form a mixture of cooled syngas and reactive diluent fluid. Carbon dioxide and/or carbon components and/or hydrogen in the mixture of cooled syngas and reactive diluent fluid is reacted (26) with at least a portion of the reactive diluent fluid in the mixture to produce carbon monoxide-enriched and/or solid carbon depleted syngas which is fed into a secondary reformer unit (30) such as an enhanced heat transfer reformer in a heat exchange reformer process. An advantage of the invention is that problems with the mechanical integrity of the secondary unit arising from the high temperature of the syngas from the heat-generating unit are avoided.

The present disclosure relates to a device that includes a filter element and a catalyst, where the filter element is configured to remove particulate from a stream that includes at least one of a gas and/or a vapor to form a filtered stream of the gas and/or the vapor, the catalyst is configured to receive the filtered stream and react a compound in the filtered stream to form an upgraded stream of the gas and/or the vapor, further including an upgraded compound, and both the filter element and the catalyst are configured to be substantially stable at temperatures up to about 500 C.

This invention relates to a power recovery process in waste steam/CO.sub.2 reformers in which a waste stream can be made to release energy without having to burn the waste or the syngas. This invention in some embodiments does not make use of fuel cells as a component but makes use of exothermic chemical reactors using syngas to produce heat, such as Fischer-Tropsch synthesis. It also relates to control or elimination of the emissions of greenhouse gases in the power recovery process of this invention with the goal of producing energy in the future carbonless world economy.

Novel redox based systems for fuel and chemical production with in-situ CO.sub.2 capture are provided. A redox system using one or more chemical intermediates is utilized in conjunction with liquid fuel generation via indirect Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, direct hydrogenation, or pyrolysis. The redox system is used to generate a hydrogen rich stream and/or CO.sub.2 and/or heat for liquid fuel and chemical production. A portion of the byproduct fuels and/or steam from liquid fuel and chemical synthesis is used as part of the feedstock for the redox system.

An apparatus is disclosed for the pre-capture of carbon from natural gas and/or other light gaseous hydrocarbons and oils, and for co-firing the resulting hydrogen and any remaining hydrocarbons with higher carbon ratio fuels, such as coal and heavy oils and even lower carbon ratio natural gas, in a steam electric generator and/or other boilers, processes, reactors, power plants, engines and combustion turbines, and combined cycle units, to reduce their carbon dioxide production and emissions to the environment, and for co-processing the syngas with other feed materials to react them in a separate vessel and produce a desired outcome.

The invention provides a method of biomass grading pyrolysis gasification in a circulating fluidized bed comprising: feeding biomass into the lower-middle part of a carrying fluidized bed, mixing with high temperature synthesis gas and heat carrier from a turbulent fluidized bed, heating the biomass to carry out a pyrolysis reaction, and carrying the pyrolysis product upward; subjecting the cracked oil and gas to a gaseous phase catalytic cracking in an upper-middle part of the carrying fluidized bed, cracking the tar into methane, ethane and the like; subjecting the heat carrier, semi-coke and fuel gas after the reaction to the multi-stage of gas-solid separation, a large particle carrier and semi-coke following a first-level separation are used as the fuel gas cracking catalyst and the filter material for filtering and removing dust, and enter into a moving bed filter to separate out an ultra-fine ash and subsequently return to the turbulent fluidized bed so as to perform gasification reaction, the ultra-fine ash is delivered to the outside as a silicon-potash fertilizer product; the medium and small particle carrier and semi-coke separated from a second-level separation are directly recycled to the turbulent fluidized bed, the fine particles separated from a third-level separation is discharged to the outside as a silicon-potash fertilizer product, the moving bed filter further catalytically cracks a small amount of tar in the fuel gas into methane and ethane and removes the ultra-fine ash simultaneously, the purified fuel gas is delivered to the outside as a product.

A process and apparatus for producing syngas from low grade coal and from a biomass wherein the process includes (i) gasification of a mixture of low grade coal and biomass, (ii) reforming the gasified mixture, and (iii) removing CO.sub.2 from the gasified and reformed syngas mixture.

A CO shift catalyst according to the present invention reforms carbon monoxide (CO) in gas. The CO shift catalyst has one of molybdenum (Mo) or iron (Fe) as a main component and has an active ingredient having one of nickel (Ni) or ruthenium (Ru) as an accessory component and one or two or more kinds of oxides from among titanium (Ti), zirconium (Zr), and cerium (Ce) for supporting the active ingredient as a support. The temperature at the time of manufacturing and firing the catalyst is equal to or higher than 550 C.

A process for treating waste comprising Mixed Plastic Waste is disclosed. The process comprises includes feeding the waste to a pyrolysis reactor, pyrolysing the waste in the pyrolysis reactor to produce a fuel and using the fuel to run a generator to produce electricity.

A char discharge unit is for discharging char discharged from a filtration unit into a char storage unit in which a pressure is at least temporarily higher pressure than that in the filtration unit. The char discharge unit includes a char discharge line connected to a lower side of the filtration unit in a vertical direction and connected to the char storage unit; a lock hopper installed at an intermediary point of the char discharge line to temporarily store the char; an admission valve installed in the char discharge line between the lock hopper and the filtration unit; a control valve installed in the char discharge line between the lock hopper and the char storage unit; and a control device configured to close the control valve when the admission valve is open, and to close the admission valve when the control valve is open.