Processes for producing high biogenic concentration Fischer-Tropsch liquids derived from the organic fraction of municipal solid wastes (MSW) feedstock that contains a relatively high concentration of biogenic carbon (derived from plants) and a relatively low concentration of non-biogenic carbon (derived from fossil sources) wherein the biogenic content of the Fischer-Tropsch liquids is the same as the biogenic content of the feedstock.

Systems and methods for processing waste plastics are provided. One method includes mixing, heating and compacting a supply of the waste plastic based feedstock having an appreciable amount of halide compounds or heteroatoms from one or more sources of contamination; providing an amendment comprising alkaline earth oxides and/or hydroxides, oxides of iron, and/or oxides of aluminum to be mixed, heated and compacted with the waste plastic based feedstock to form a densified melt of plastic material including the amendment; and pyrolyzing the densified melt of plastic material including the amendment within a pyrolysis reactor. Another method includes pyrolyzing a supply of the waste plastic feedstock within a pyrolysis reactor to generate a hydrocarbon gas stream and a solids residue stream; condensing out a tars product from the hydrocarbon gas stream output from the pyrolysis reactor with a quenching apparatus; and pyrolyzing the tars product within a supplemental pyrolysis reactor.

The present invention relates to a process for removing carbon dioxide from synthesis gas using a hygroscopic, physical absorption medium. The process includes cooling the absorption medium and the synthesis gas; water is at least partially removed from the synthesis gas by condensation; carbon dioxide is removed from the cooled synthesis gas via the cooled absorption medium in a physical absorption step at elevated pressure; laden absorption medium is treated in a plurality of serially arranged flash stages, wherein co-absorbed carbon monoxide and hydrogen are removed from the laden absorption medium in at least one first flash stage, and carbon dioxide is removed from the laden absorption medium in a flash stage arranged downstream of the first flash stage. The process features a high rate of separated carbon dioxide and a pure and dry (anhydrous) carbon dioxide product. The invention further relates to a plant for performing the process.

The present invention relates to a process for producing hydrogen and for separating carbon dioxide from synthesis gas using a physical absorption medium. The process comprises the steps where the synthesis gas and the absorption medium are cooled; carbon dioxide is removed from the cooled synthesis gas via the cooled absorption medium in a physical absorption step at elevated pressure; laden absorption medium is treated in a plurality of flash stages, wherein co-absorbed carbon monoxide, hydrogen and carbon dioxide are separately removed from the laden absorption medium; hydrogen is separated from synthesis gas freed of carbon dioxide in a physical separation step, wherein hydrogen as product gas and an offgas comprising hydrogen, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide are obtained; product gas hydrogen and carbon dioxide are discharged from the process. The invention further relates to a plant for performing the process.

The invention relates to a process and plant for purifying a raw synthesis gas containing hydrogen and carbon monoxide as target components and carbon dioxide and sulfur components as disruptive components by gas scrubbing with a physically acting, liquid scrubbing medium selective for carbon dioxide and sulfur components. The process/the plant comprise an absorption apparatus, a hot regeneration apparatus, a preferably multistage flash regeneration apparatus and a reabsorber column supplied with the first portion of a stripping gas. According to the invention the flash regeneration apparatus is supplied with the second portion of the stripping gas.

The invention relates to a gas scrubbing process and plant for purifying raw synthesis gas by physical absorption in methanol. A raw synthesis gas stream which includes hydrogen and carbon monoxide as desired constituents and water and acid gases as undesired constituents is admixed with methanol and subsequently cooled below the freezing point of water. According to the invention a liquid phase including methanol and water is separated from the cooled raw synthesis gas stream. Acid gases are removed from the remaining gaseous phase by physical absorption in methanol at elevated pressure. Separating the water from the raw synthesis gas stream before the absorption of the acid gases prevents larger amounts of water passing into the methanol circuit of the gas scrubbing process. This achieves savings in resources and certain plant parts may be smaller than is customary.

The invention relates to a gas scrubbing process and plant for purifying raw synthesis gas by physical absorption in methanol. A raw synthesis gas stream which includes hydrogen and carbon monoxide as desired constituents and water and acid gases as undesired constituents is admixed with methanol and subsequently cooled below the freezing point of water. According to the invention a liquid phase including methanol and water is separated from the cooled raw synthesis gas stream. Acid gases are removed from the remaining gaseous phase by physical absorption in methanol at elevated pressure. Separating the water from the raw synthesis gas stream before the absorption of the acid gases prevents larger amounts of water passing into the methanol circuit of the gas scrubbing process. This achieves savings in resources and certain plant parts may be smaller than is customary.

A technique for manufacturing biocrude oil with an improved heating value and viscosity is disclosed in the present specification. A biocrude oil manufacturing system according to one embodiment includes: a pyrolysis gas generator for generating a pyrolysis gas through a fast pyrolysis reaction from a supplied mixture material; and a biocrude oil generator for generating biocrude oil by condensing the pyrolysis gas generated by the pyrolysis gas generator, wherein the mixture material includes a mixture of biomass and plastics, and the biocrude oil manufacturing system further includes an alcohol supply for supplying an alcohol to the pyrolysis gas generator and/or the biocrude oil generator.

The present invention relates to a process for removing carbon dioxide from a synthesis gas having at least hydrogen and carbon dioxide in which the synthesis gas is at least partially freed of carbon dioxide in an absorption apparatus by physical absorption at elevated absorption pressure. The carbon dioxide is subsequently desorbed by pressure reduction relative to the absorption pressure in a plurality of serially arranged flash stages and an at least partially regenerated absorption medium is withdrawn from the last of the plurality of serially arranged flash stages, recompressed to absorption pressure and recycled into the absorption apparatus for use as absorption medium. It is also provided according to the invention that a partially regenerated absorption medium from a flash stage upstream of the last of the plurality of serially arranged flash stages is recompressed to absorption pressure and recycled into the absorption apparatus for use as absorption medium.

The present invention relates to a process for removing carbon dioxide from a synthesis gas having at least hydrogen and carbon dioxide in which the synthesis gas is at least partially freed of carbon dioxide in an absorption apparatus by physical absorption at elevated absorption pressure. The carbon dioxide is subsequently desorbed by pressure reduction relative to the absorption pressure in a plurality of serially arranged flash stages and an at least partially regenerated absorption medium is withdrawn from the last of the plurality of serially arranged flash stages, recompressed to absorption pressure and recycled into the absorption apparatus for use as absorption medium. It is also provided according to the invention that a partially regenerated absorption medium from a flash stage upstream of the last of the plurality of serially arranged flash stages is recompressed to absorption pressure and recycled into the absorption apparatus for use as absorption medium.