Device and process for the conversion of a feedstock of aromatic compounds, in which the feedstock is treated notably by means of a fractionation train (4-7), a xylene separation unit (10) and an isomerization unit (11), and in which a pyrolysis unit (13) treats a second hydrocarbon feedstock, produces a pyrolysis effluent feeding the feedstock, and produces a pyrolysis gas comprising CO, CO.sub.2 and H.sub.2; a reverse water gas shift RWGS reaction section (50) treats the pyrolysis gas and produces an RWGS gas enriched in CO and in water; a fermentation reaction section (52) treats the RWGS gas enriched in CO and in water, to produce ethanol and recycle the ethanol to the inlet of the pyrolysis unit.

A reactor system and a process for carrying out reverse water gas shift reaction of a feedstock comprising CO.sub.2 and H.sub.2 to a first product gas comprising CO are provided, where a methanation reaction take place in parallel to the reverse water gas shift reaction, and where the heat for the endothermic reverse water gas shift reaction is provided by resistance heating.

Herein discussed is a tubular comprising: an open end; an opposite closed end; and a mixed conducting membrane in at least a portion of the circumferential surface of the tubular. In an embodiment, the tubular comprises a cathode in contact with one circumferential side of the mixed conducting membrane and an anode in contact with the opposite circumferential side of the mixed conducting membrane. Methods of making and using such a tubular are also discussed herein.

A process for producing synthesis gas, the process including the steps of: a) in a reforming reactor, reacting a hydrocarbon feed stream together with an oxidant gas stream, thereby producing a first synthesis gas stream; b) providing a heated CO.sub.2 rich gas stream to an adiabatic post converter including a second catalyst active for catalyzing steam methane reforming, methanation and reverse water gas shift reactions; and c) in the adiabatic reforming post converter, letting at least a part of the first synthesis gas stream and the heated CO.sub.2 rich gas stream undergo steam methane reforming, methanation and reverse water gas shift reactions to thereby provide a product gas stream, the product gas stream being a synthesis gas stream. Also, a system for producing synthesis gas.

A process can be used for the treatment of an offgas stream, which is formed in a plant for the production of aluminum by electrolytic reduction of aluminum oxide in a melt, using at least one anode composed of a carbon-containing material. The offgas stream contains carbon oxides due to the reduction of the aluminum oxide by the carbon. At least a substream of the carbon oxides contained in the offgas stream is reacted with hydrogen or mixed with a hydrogen stream and is subsequently passed to a use. After purification and conditioning of the offgas stream in a device, an enrichment, for example with carbon monoxide, can subsequently be carried out in a reactor and the synthesis gas obtained in this way can be fed to a chemical or biotechnological plant for the synthesis of chemicals of value.

Pathways are disclosed for the production of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) products comprising propane and/or butane, and in certain cases renewable products having non-petroleum derived carbon. In particular, a gaseous feed mixture comprising CO.sub.2 in combination with CH.sub.4 and/or H.sub.2 is converted by reforming and/or reverse water-gas shift (RWGS) reactions, further in combination with LPG synthesis. A preferred gaseous feed mixture comprises biogas or otherwise a mixture of CO.sub.2 and H.sub.2 that is not readily upgraded using conventional processes. Catalysts described herein have a high activity for reforming (including dry reforming) of CH.sub.4, as well as simultaneously catalyzing RWGS. These attributes improve the management of CO.sub.2 that is input to the disclosed processes, particularly in those utilizing recycle operation to increase overall CO.sub.2 conversion. Economics of small scale operations may be improved, if necessary, using an electrically heated reforming reactor in the first or initial reforming stage or RWGS stage.

Chemical processors are configured to reduce mass, work in conjunction with solar concentrators, and/or house porous inserts in microchannel or mesochannel devices made by additive manufacturing. Methods of making chemical processors containing porous inserts by additive manufacturing are also disclosed.

The present invention describes a processes, systems, and catalysts for the utilization of carbon dioxide into high quality synthesis gas that can then be used to produce fuels (e.g., diesel fuel) and chemicals. In one aspect, the present invention provides a process for the conversion of a feed gas comprising carbon dioxide and hydrogen to a product gas comprising carbon monoxide and water.

The present disclosure relates to a processes and systems for producing fuels from biomass with high carbon conversion efficiency. The processes and systems described herein provide a highly efficient process for producing hydrocarbons from biomass with very low Green House Gas (GHG) emissions using a specific combination of components, process flows, and recycle streams. The processes and systems described herein provide a carbon conversion efficiency greater than 95% with little to no GHG in the flue gas due to the novel arrangement of components and utilizes renewable energy to provide energy to some components. The system reuses water and carbon dioxide produced in the process flows and recycles naphtha and tail gas streams to other units in the system for additional conversion to syngas to produce hydrocarbon-based fuels.

The present invention describes a processes, systems, and catalysts for the conversion of carbon dioxide and water and electricity into low carbon or zero carbon high quality fuels and chemicals. In one aspect, the present invention provides an integrated process for the conversion of a feed stream comprising carbon dioxide to a product stream comprising hydrocarbons between 5 and 24 carbon atoms in length.