In a process for the production of ammonia synthesis gas from a hydrocarbon-containing feedstock, comprising steam reforming of the feedstock and treatment of the synthesis gas obtained, the shift of the synthesis gas comprises two shift steps, both including stable catalysts, whereby the formation of hazardous by-products is avoided or at least reduced to an acceptable low level. The two shift steps can both be HTS, or they can be one HTS and one LTS or one HTS and one MTS. The catalyst used in the HTS and the LTS steps is based on zinc oxide and zinc aluminum spinel, and the catalyst used in the MTS and the LTS steps can be based on copper.

Device and process for converting a feedstock of aromatic compounds, in which the feedstock is notably treated using a fractionation train (4-7), a xylenes separating unit (10) and an isomerization unit (11), and in which a pyrolysis unit (13) treats a second hydrocarbon-based feedstock, produces a pyrolysis effluent feeding the feedstock, and produces a pyrolysis gas comprising CO, CO2 and H2; a WGS water gas shift reaction section (50) suitable for treating the pyrolysis gas and for producing a WGS gas enriched in CO2 and in hydrogen; a CO2 aromatization reaction section (52) suitable for: at least partly treating the WGS gas to produce a hydrocarbon effluent comprising aromatic compounds, and feeding the feedstock with the hydrocarbon effluent.

Device and process for converting a feedstock of aromatic compounds, in which the feedstock is notably treated using a fractionation train (4-7), a xylenes separating unit (10) and an isomerization unit (11), and in which a pyrolysis unit (13) treats a second hydrocarbon-based feedstock, produces a pyrolysis effluent feeding the feedstock, and produces a pyrolysis gas comprising CO, CO2 and H2; a WGS water gas shift reaction section (50) suitable for treating the pyrolysis gas and for producing a WGS gas enriched in CO2 and in hydrogen; a CO2 aromatization reaction section (52) suitable for: at least partly treating the WGS gas to produce a hydrocarbon effluent comprising aromatic compounds, and feeding the feedstock with the hydrocarbon effluent.

A carbon-based fuel gasification power generation system is configured to remove ammonia from syngas using washing water, and effectively use the ammonia-containing washing water. The system includes a gasification facility provided with a water scrubber for removing ammonia in the syngas generated as gasified carbon-based fuel, and a power generation facility provided with a combustor for burning gas for combustion generated in the gasification facility and air for combustion humidified in the humidifying tower, and a gas turbine driven by combustion gas. The ammonia-containing water recovered in the water scrubber is supplied to the humidifying tower. Using the water, compressed air to be supplied to the combustor is humidified.

An automatic control system (ACS) for capturing and utilizing carbon dioxide (CO.sub.2) of one or more gases from one or more plants may receive, from one or more sensors, one or more parameters of at least one gas of one or more gases through a system gas flow inlet channel, a first volumetric flow rate of the one or more gases through a plug flow reactor (PFR), a second volumetric flow rate of the one or more gases through a bypass channel that bypasses the PFR, the CO.sub.2 flowing into the CO.sub.2 capture unit, or the syngas flowing into the CO.sub.2 capture unit. The ACS may also command one or more flow controllers to modulate at least one of the first volumetric flow rate of the one or more gases through PFR or the second volumetric flow rate of the one or more gases through the bypass channel based on the one or more parameters.

Systems and methods for direct crude oil upgrading to hydrogen and chemicals including separating an inlet hydrocarbon stream into a light fraction and a heavy fraction comprising diesel boiling point temperature range material; producing from the light fraction syngas comprising H.sub.2 and CO; reacting the CO produced; producing from the heavy fraction and separating CO.sub.2, polymer grade ethylene, polymer grade propylene, C.sub.4 compounds, cracking products, light cycle oils, and heavy cycle oils; collecting and purifying the CO.sub.2 produced from the heavy fraction; processing the C.sub.4 compounds to produce olefinic oligomerate and paraffinic raffinate; separating the cracking products; oligomerizing a light cut naphtha stream; hydrotreating an aromatic stream; hydrocracking the light cycle oils to produce a monoaromatics product stream; gasifying the heavy cycle oils; reacting the CO produced from gasifying the heavy cycle oils; collecting and purifying the CO.sub.2; and processing and separating produced aromatic compounds into benzene and paraxylene.

Provided herein are novel devices, systems, and methods of using the same, that enable plasma-enhanced gasification of biogenic hydrocarbon waste material comprising: a geometrically designed reactor having a biochar carbon catalyst bed, together with a gas inlet system disposed around a lower section of the apparatus to supply oxidant gas generated by an integrated oxygen absorber system; to enhance the partial oxidation of biogenic hydrocarbon waste materials using exothermic heat generated by an oxidation reaction created in part by the integrated oxygen absorber system into the apparatus, in order to optimize the quantity and quality of hydrogen production in the synthetic gas produced therein.

A method for processing feedstock is described, characterized in that incoming feedstock is processed to selectively recover biogenic carbon material from the incoming feedstock. In some embodiments the incoming feedstock is comprised of mixed solid waste, such as municipal solid waste (MSW). In other embodiments the incoming feedstock is comprised of woody biomass. In some instances, the incoming feedstock is processed to selectively recover biogenic carbon material from the incoming feedstock to produce a processed feedstock having biogenic carbon content of 50% and greater suitable for conversion into biogenic carbon Fischer Tropsch liquids. The high biogenic carbon Fischer Tropsch liquids may be upgraded to biogenic carbon liquid fuels. Alternatively, the incoming feedstock is processed to selectively recover plastic material from the incoming feedstock to produce a processed feedstock having biogenic carbon content of 50% or less.

A method for processing feedstock is described, characterized in that incoming feedstock is processed to selectively recover biogenic carbon material from the incoming feedstock. In some embodiments the incoming feedstock is comprised of mixed solid waste, such as municipal solid waste (MSW). In other embodiments the incoming feedstock is comprised of woody biomass. In some instances, the incoming feedstock is processed to selectively recover biogenic carbon material from the incoming feedstock to produce a processed feedstock having biogenic carbon content of 50% and greater suitable for conversion into biogenic carbon Fischer Tropsch liquids. The high biogenic carbon Fischer Tropsch liquids may be upgraded to biogenic carbon liquid fuels. Alternatively, the incoming feedstock is processed to selectively recover plastic material from the incoming feedstock to produce a processed feedstock having biogenic carbon content of 50% or less.

A solar thermochemical processing system is disclosed. The system includes a first unit operation for receiving concentrated solar energy. Heat from the solar energy is used to drive the first unit operation. The first unit operation also receives a first set of reactants and produces a first set of products. A second unit operation receives the first set of products from the first unit operation and produces a second set of products. A third unit operation receives heat from the second unit operation to produce a portion of the first set of reactants.