The present disclosure provides a process for forming a biogenic carbon-based fuel or a fuel intermediate from biogenic carbon dioxide and hydrogen. The hydrogen is sourced from a process that produces hydrogen and fossil carbon dioxide from a fossil-fuel hydrocarbon and separates the fossil carbon dioxide from the hydrogen. The process may further comprise carrying out or arranging for one or more parties to carry out at least one step that contributes to a reduction in the GHG emissions of the biogenic carbon-based fuel, or a fuel made from the fuel intermediate, of at least 20% relative to a gasoline baseline. In various embodiments this includes (a) introducing the fossil carbon dioxide underground, and/or (b) using a biogenic carbon-based product selected from a chemical and energy product produced from the non-fossil organic material to displace the use or production of a corresponding fossil-based product.

A process of operating a spark-ignited internal combustion engine (SI-ICE) with improved fuel efficiency and reduced emissions including under steady state and under lean-operating conditions at high overall air to fuel (AFR) ratios. A first supply of high octane hydrocarbon fuel, such as gasoline or natural gas, and a first supply of oxidant are fed to a fuel reformer to produce a gaseous reformate with a reforming efficiency of greater than 75 percent relative to equilibrium. The gaseous reformate is mixed with a second supply of oxidant, after which the resulting reformate blended oxidant is fed with a second supply of high octane hydrocarbon fuel to the SI-ICE for combustion. Steady state fuel efficiency is improved by more than 3 percent, when the reformate comprises from greater than about 1 to less than about 18 percent of the total volume of reformate blended oxidant fed to the engine.

A method of manufacturing an octane-boosting fuel additive, the method comprises reacting n-butyraldehyde, iso-butyraldehyde, or a combination comprising at least one of the foregoing with glycerol in the presence of an acidic catalyst to obtain an octane-boosting product mixture comprising 2-propyl-5-hydroxy-1,3-dioxane, 2-isopropyl-5-hydroxy-1,3-dioxane, 2-propyl-5-hydroxymethyl-1,3-dioxolane, 2-isopropyl-5-hydroxymethyl-1,3-dioxolane, or a combination comprising at least one of the foregoing.

A process for preparing a gasoline octane boosting composition, including contacting a pyrolysis oil with a non-thermal oxygen plasma to produce an oxidized pyrolysis oil; and mixing the oxidized pyrolysis oil with a gasoline additive to produce the gasoline octane boosting composition. The gasoline octane boosting composition can be used in a gasoline blend.

Materials, such as biomass feedstocks (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, and municipal waste biomass) are processed to produce useful products, such as fuels. Conveying systems, such as flowing gas conveying systems and such as closed-loop flowing gas conveying systems are described.

An aviation gasoline composition having: from about 70 vol % to about 80 vol % isooctane; from about 5 vol % to about 9 vol % isopentane; from about 10 vol % to about 20 vol % of one or more dialkyl ether; and from about 1 vol % to about 5 vol % of one or more alcohol, from about 0.02 vol % to about 0.07 vol % of one or more octane enhancer such as MMT, and, optionally, one or more additives selected from the group consisting of: antioxidants, anti-icing agents, antistatic additives, corrosion inhibitors, dyes, lubricants, and mixtures thereof, wherein the aviation gasoline has a motor octane number of at least 99.6.

Techniques for processing biomass are disclosed herein. A method of preparing cellulosic ethanol having 100% biogenic carbon content as determined by ASTM 6866-18, includes treating ground corn cobs with electron beam radiation and saccharifying the irradiated ground corn cob to produce sugars. The method also includes fermenting the sugars with a microorganism. In addition, an unblended cellulosic-biomass derived gasoline with a research octane number of greater than about 87, as determined by ASTM D2699 is disclosed.

Biomass feedstocks (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, and municipal waste biomass) are processed to produce useful products, such as fuels. For example, novel systems, methods and equipment for conveying and/or cooling treated biomass are described.

The invention relates to an integrated process for the production of fuel components starting from materials of a biological origin which comprises: (A) transformation of glycerine into an alkoxy-propanediol having formula ROCH.sub.2CHOHCH.sub.2OH, wherein R is a linear or branched C.sub.1-C.sub.8 alkyl, (B) transformation of glycerine into 1,2-propanediol CH.sub.3CHOHCH.sub.2OH, (C) dehydration of the 1,2-propanediol obtained in (B) to propionic aldehyde, (D) reaction of part of the propionic aldehyde obtained in (C) with the alkoxy-propanediol having formula ROCH.sub.2CHOHCH.sub.2OH obtained in (A) to give an acetal having formula (a) wherein R is a linear or branched C.sub.1-C.sub.8 alkyl, (E) transformation of part of the propionic aldehyde obtained in (C) to a propionate having formula CH.sub.3CH.sub.2COOR, wherein R is a linear or branched C.sub.1-C.sub.8 alkyl. Particular components for gasolines and/or diesel are also described.

The present invention relates to a process for etherification of mixed olefinic light naphtha boiling in the range of C5-90 C. cut with simultaneous minimization of unreacted methanol concentration in the product. The etherification of mixed olefinic light naphtha produces the high octane blending component which can be blended directly in the gasoline pool without any recovery of the feed oxygenates like methanol, ethanol etc. which conventionally uses energy intensive separation processes.