A novel octane enhanced intermediate hydrocarbon composition having a high bio-component content in the composition through the use of a renewable first gasoline component is herein disclosed. The intermediate hydrocarbon composition includes a renewable first gasoline component in an amount of from 5 to 50%-vol of the total intermediate hydrocarbon composition volume and the rest consisting of a second gasoline component, wherein the second hydrocarbon gasoline component includes unsaturated hydrocarbons from 50 to 90%-vol of the second gasoline component volume.

A novel octane enhanced intermediate hydrocarbon composition having a high bio-component content in the composition through the use of a renewable first gasoline component is herein disclosed. The intermediate hydrocarbon composition includes a renewable first gasoline component in an amount of from 5 to 50%-vol of the total intermediate hydrocarbon composition volume and the rest consisting of a second gasoline component, wherein the second hydrocarbon gasoline component includes unsaturated hydrocarbons from 50 to 90%-vol of the second gasoline component volume.

A fuel synthesis device includes: a supplier to supply CO.sub.2 and H.sub.2 gasses; a fuel synthesis catalyst to chemically react the CO.sub.2 and H.sub.2 gasses to synthesize fuel; a gas-liquid separator to liquefy the fuel into liquid and separate the liquid from a gas containing unreacted CO.sub.2 and H.sub.2 gasses, and CH.sub.4 gas as a side product; a return path to return the separated gas to a point between the supplier and the fuel synthesis catalyst; a bypass path to bypass, and merge downstream of, the return path, and to include a CH.sub.4 separator to separate the CH.sub.4 and a CH.sub.4 oxidation catalyst to oxidize the CH.sub.4; and a switching valve to selectively switch between communication with the return path and communication with the bypass path, wherein whether the switching valve communicates with the return path or bypass path is controlled based on the density of CH.sub.4.

A fuel synthesis device includes: a supplier to supply CO.sub.2 and H.sub.2 gasses; a fuel synthesis catalyst to chemically react the CO.sub.2 and H.sub.2 gasses to synthesize fuel; a gas-liquid separator to liquefy the fuel into liquid and separate the liquid from a gas containing unreacted CO.sub.2 and H.sub.2 gasses, and CH.sub.4 gas as a side product; a return path to return the separated gas to a point between the supplier and the fuel synthesis catalyst; a bypass path to bypass, and merge downstream of, the return path, and to include a CH.sub.4 separator to separate the CH.sub.4 and a CH.sub.4 oxidation catalyst to oxidize the CH.sub.4; and a switching valve to selectively switch between communication with the return path and communication with the bypass path, wherein whether the switching valve communicates with the return path or bypass path is controlled based on the density of CH.sub.4.

An alkylation catalyst composition is provided which comprises an acid, an aromatic, and a third component selected from the group consisting of a base capable of forming an ionic liquid with the acid; and an ionic liquid. An alkylation process is also provided which comprises combining the alkylation catalyst composition with a feedstock under conditions to produce an alkylate product for a motor fuel additive. The alkylate product produced by the alkylation process is also provided.

Provided are automated systems and methods for measuring the physical properties of fuels in large storage tanks, and for blending butane into the fuels, including chemometric methods for controlling physical properties selected from volatility, butane content, and density of the fuel during the blending process.

Systems and processes for the flexible production of gasoline and jet fuel via alkylation of C4 and C5 olefins.

Systems and processes for the flexible production of gasoline and jet fuel via alkylation of C4 and C5 olefins.

A process for producing propylene and a low-sulfur fuel oil component, comprising the steps of: i) contacting a hydrocarbon-containing feedstock oil with a catalytic conversion catalyst for reaction under effective conditions in a catalytic conversion reactor in the absence of hydrogen to obtain a reaction product comprising propylene; ii) separating the reaction product from step i) to obtain a catalytic cracking distillate oil, and iii) subjecting the catalytic cracking distillate oil to hydrodesulfurization to obtain a low-sulfur hydrogenated distillate oil suitable for use as a fuel oil component. The process can greatly improve the propylene selectivity and propylene yield while producing more fuel oil components, significantly reduce the yield of dry gas and coke, and thus has better economic and social benefits.

A process for producing propylene and a low-sulfur fuel oil component, comprising the steps of: i) contacting a hydrocarbon-containing feedstock oil with a catalytic conversion catalyst for reaction under effective conditions in a catalytic conversion reactor in the absence of hydrogen to obtain a reaction product comprising propylene; ii) separating the reaction product from step i) to obtain a catalytic cracking distillate oil, and iii) subjecting the catalytic cracking distillate oil to hydrodesulfurization to obtain a low-sulfur hydrogenated distillate oil suitable for use as a fuel oil component. The process can greatly improve the propylene selectivity and propylene yield while producing more fuel oil components, significantly reduce the yield of dry gas and coke, and thus has better economic and social benefits.