The present invention is directed to vapor suppression of liquids through disposing a layer of surfactant onto the surfaces of liquids for surfactants having a density greater than the liquid and regardless of surface tension spreadability issues, and compositions comprising the surfactants in aerosolized form.

Systems and methods are provided for improving product yields and/or product quality during co-processing of fast pyrolysis oil in a fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) reaction environment. The systems and methods can allow for co-processing of an increased amount of fast pyrolysis oil while reducing or minimizing coke production for a feedstock including fast pyrolysis oil and a conventional FCC feed. The reducing or minimizing of coke production can be achieved in part by adding a low molecular weight, non-ionic surfactant to the mixture of fast pyrolysis oil and conventional FCC feed.

Method for reducing intake valve deposits in a spark ignition internal combustion engine which is fuelled with a gasoline fuel composition, wherein the method comprises introducing into the engine an aqueous based composition, wherein the aqueous based composition comprises (i) water, (ii) from 0 vol % to 40 vol % freezing point suppression agent, (iii) from 0 vol % to 10 vol % of surfactant, and (iv) an amine compound in a blending amount of from 0 ppmw to 1000 ppmw.

The present invention is directed to vapor suppression of liquids through disposing a layer of surfactant onto the surfaces of liquids for surfactants having a density greater than the liquid and regardless of surface tension spreadability issues, and compositions comprising the surfactants in aerosolized form.

A diesel fuel additive includes a cetane number improver and an at least one organometallic combustion catalyst in solution and/or at least one metal-oxide combustion catalyst in suspension.

An additive composition for a marine fuel or a heating oil comprising a stabilized colloidal dispersion of catalytic metal particles, a neutral or overbased alkaline earth metal detergent and a carrier fluid miscible with a marine fuel oil, a heavy fuel oil, a marine distillate fuel, and/or a residual fuel oil. Also provided are marine fuel and/or heating oil compositions having the additive composition described above and associated methods and uses.

Unleaded aviation gasoline. An unleaded aviation gasoline includes a blend of high octane alkylate, an effective amount of selected alkyl benzenes, and selected aromatic amines sufficient to improve the functional engine performance to avoid harmful detonation sufficient to meet or exceed selected standards for detonation performance requirements in full scale aircraft piston spark ignition engines designed for use with Grade 100LL avgas. Suitable alkylated benzenes may include a mixture of xylene isomers. Selected aromatic amines, such as N-methyl-p-toluidine, are used to increase performance. The high octane alkylate may be an aviation alkylate, or iso-octane, or both, and may utilize high octane alkylates having a motor octane number of between about ninety-seven (97) and about one hundred (100). Suitable amounts of iso-pentane, n-butane, and iso-butane may be used for providing vapor pressure in a commercially acceptable range.

Provided is a fuel oil composition comprising a liquid fuel and carbon black with a particle diameter less than 1 micron. The content of the carbon black is from 0.001 wt % to 4 wt % based on the total weight of the liquid fuel. By way of adding carbon black with the particle diameter less than 1 micron, combustion efficiency of the fuel oil composition used in the internal combustion engine is improved, reducing the emissions of the hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide to reduce greenhouse gas production.

Systems and methods are provided for improving product yields and/or product quality during co-processing of fast pyrolysis oil in a fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) reaction environment. The systems and methods can allow for co-processing of an increased amount of fast pyrolysis oil while reducing or minimizing coke production for a feedstock including fast pyrolysis oil and a conventional FCC feed. The reducing or minimizing of coke production can be achieved in part by adding a low molecular weight, non-ionic surfactant to the mixture of fast pyrolysis oil and conventional FCC feed.

A method of preventing or reducing the level of degradation of an organic substrate is described, wherein a composition is formed that includes the organic substrate together with an effective amount of a sacrificial base and a diarylamine antioxidant.