Improved methods for producing colloidal dispersions of cerium-containing oxide nanoparticles in substantially non-polar solvents are disclosed. The cerium-containing oxide nanoparticles of an aqueous colloid are transferred to a substantially non-polar liquid comprising one or more amphiphilic materials, one or more low-polarity solvents, and, optionally, one or more glycol ether promoter materials. The transfer is achieved by mixing the aqueous and substantially non-polar materials, forming an emulsion, followed by a phase separation into a remnant polar solution phase and a substantially non-polar organic colloid phase. The organic colloid phase is then collected.

To provide a lubricating oil additive, a lubricating oil, a grease composition, a fuel oil additive, a fuel oil, and an oil sludge suppression method, which are capable of effectively suppressing oil sludge in the lubricating oil. The lubricating oil additive for suppressing oil sludge contains titanium dioxide particles as an active ingredient.

Disclosed herein is a fuel blend comprising a hydrocarbon based fuel; and particles that comprise magnesium and boron. Disclosed herein too is a method comprising blending a composition comprising a hydrocarbon based fuel and particles that comprise magnesium and boron to form a fuel blend.

Disclosed herein is a fuel blend comprising a hydrocarbon based fuel; and particles that comprise magnesium and boron. Disclosed herein too is a method comprising blending a composition comprising a hydrocarbon based fuel and particles that comprise magnesium and boron to form a fuel blend.

A multi-stage process for transforming a high sulfur ISO 8217 compliant Feedstock Heavy Marine Fuel Oil involving a core desulfurizing process that produces a Product Heavy Marine Fuel Oil that can be used as a feedstock for subsequent refinery process such as anode grade coking, needle coking and fluid catalytic cracking. The Product Heavy Marine Fuel Oil exhibits multiple properties desirable as a feedstock for those processes including a sulfur level has a maximum sulfur content (ISO 14596 or ISO 8754) between the range of 0.05 mass % to 1.0 mass. A process plant for conducting the process is also disclosed.

Provided herein are various gas-filled particles having a stimuli-responsive shell encapsulating the gas. The stimuli-responsive shell comprises one or more release triggers. Compositions for medical or non-medical applications, methods of use and treatment, and methods of preparation are also described.

A multi-stage process for the production of an ISO 8217 compliant Product Heavy Marine Fuel Oil from ISO 8217 compliant Feedstock Heavy Marine Fuel Oil involving a Reaction System composed of one or more reactor vessels selected from a group reactor wherein said one or more reactor vessels contains one or more reaction sections configured to promote the transformation of the Feedstock Heavy Marine Fuel Oil to the Product Heavy Marine Fuel Oil. The Product Heavy Marine Fuel Oil has a Environmental Contaminate level has a maximum sulfur content (ISO 14596 or ISO 8754) between the range of 0.05 mass % to 1.0 mass. A process plant for conducting the process for conducting the process is disclosed that can utilize a modular reactor vessel.

A multi-stage process for the production of an ISO 8217 compliant Product Heavy Marine Fuel Oil from ISO 8217 compliant Feedstock Heavy Marine Fuel Oil involving a Reaction System composed of one or more reactor vessels selected from a group reactor wherein said one or more reactor vessels contains one or more reaction sections configured to promote the transformation of the Feedstock Heavy Marine Fuel Oil to the Product Heavy Marine Fuel Oil. The Product Heavy Marine Fuel Oil has a Environmental Contaminate level has a maximum sulfur content (ISO 14596 or ISO 8754) between the range of 0.05 mass % to 1.0 mass. A process plant for conducting the process for conducting the process is disclosed that can utilize a modular reactor vessel.

Spent zeolite equilibrium catalyst from the fluidized catalytic cracker has a useful function as an adsorbent for jet fuel. Redirecting such spent catalyst saves costs for refinery operations in two ways. The first is by avoiding the costs for disposing of such catalyst as hazardous waste. The second is to reduce the cost of procuring sorbent for the jet fuel decontamination process. Since zeolite is primarily silica and conventional sorbents are also silica, zeolite catalysts are chemically similar. And the equilibrium catalyst may be regenerated in the FCC after its becomes saturated with jet fuel contaminants and re-used.

The present embodiments describe a method to reduce vanadium corrosion in a gas turbine by adding an oleophilic corrosion inhibitor into a combustion fuel, in which the oleophilic corrosion inhibitor comprises carbon black support particles and magnesium bonded to the carbon black support particles. The carbon black support particles comprise a particle size less than 40 nanometer (nm), and oxygen content less than 1 weight percent (wt %), and a surface area of at least 50 square meters per gram (m.sup.2/gram).