Use of a wax anti-settling agent (WASA), in an automotive fuel composition, for the purpose of improving the acceleration performance of an internal combustion engine into which the fuel composition is or is intended to be introduced or of a vehicle powered by such an engine.

A process for reducing the environmental contaminants in a ISO 8217 compliant Feedstock Heavy Marine Fuel Oil (Feedstock), the process involving: mixing a quantity of the Feedstock with a quantity of Activating Gas mixture to give a feedstock mixture; contacting the feedstock mixture with one or more catalysts to form a Process Mixture from the feedstock mixture; separating the Product Heavy Marine Fuel Oil liquid (Product) components of the Process Mixture from the gaseous components and by-product hydrocarbons of the Process Mixture and, discharging the Product. The Product is compliant with ISO standards for residual marine fuel oils and has a maximum sulfur content between the range of 0.05% wt. to 0.50% wt. The Product can be used as or as a blending stock for compliant, low sulfur or ultralow sulfur heavy marine fuel oil. A device for conducting the process is also disclosed.

A process for reducing the environmental contaminants in a ISO 8217 compliant Feedstock Heavy Marine Fuel Oil (Feedstock), the process involving: mixing a quantity of the Feedstock with a quantity of Activating Gas mixture to give a feedstock mixture; contacting the feedstock mixture with one or more catalysts to form a Process Mixture from the feedstock mixture; separating the Product Heavy Marine Fuel Oil liquid (Product) components of the Process Mixture from the gaseous components and by-product hydrocarbons of the Process Mixture and, discharging the Product. The Product is compliant with ISO standards for residual marine fuel oils and has a maximum sulfur content between the range of 0.05% wt. to 0.50% wt. The Product can be used as or as a blending stock for compliant, low sulfur or ultralow sulfur heavy marine fuel oil. A device for conducting the process is also disclosed.

An octane-enhancing additive includes a mixed butanol composition, sec-butyl ether, methanol, methyl tert-butyl ether, and a C4-dimer, the mixed butanol composition comprising sec-butanol and tert-butanol, and the C4-dimer comprising di-isobutylene, 2,2,4 trimethylpentane, 2,3,3 trimethylpentane, or a combination comprising at least one of the foregoing.

Unleaded aviation gasoline. An aviation gasoline fuel blend includes an unleaded aviation gasoline base fuel, with an effective amount of selected alkyl benzenes to improve the functional engine performance to avoid harmful detonation sufficient to meet or exceed selected standards for detonation performance requirements in full scale aircraft piston spark ignition engines designed for use with Grade 100LL avgas. Suitable alkylated benzenes may include a mixture of xylene isomers. Aromatic amines, such as m-toluidine, may also be added to increase MON. Base fuels may be a high quality aviation alkylate, or may be a commercial iso-octane, or a mixture of high quality aviation alkylate enhanced by iso-octane, or by commercial iso-octane mixtures, and may include iso-pentane or butane or both iso-pentane and butane in sufficient quantity to provide appropriate vapor pressure for the final fuel blend.

Unleaded aviation gasoline. An aviation gasoline fuel blend includes an unleaded aviation gasoline base fuel, with an effective amount of selected alkyl benzenes to improve the functional engine performance to avoid harmful detonation sufficient to meet or exceed selected standards for detonation performance requirements in full scale aircraft piston spark ignition engines designed for use with Grade 100LL avgas. Suitable alkylated benzenes may include a mixture of xylene isomers. Aromatic amines, such as m-toluidine, may also be added to increase MON. Base fuels may be a high quality aviation alkylate, or may be a commercial iso-octane, or a mixture of high quality aviation alkylate enhanced by iso-octane, or by commercial iso-octane mixtures, and may include iso-pentane or butane or both iso-pentane and butane in sufficient quantity to provide appropriate vapor pressure for the final fuel blend.

A fuel additive for fuel formulations comprising calcium sulfonates in an amount effective to limit or eliminate valve seat recession in engines utilizing such fuel formulations. The fuel additive may also include a detergent, particularly in an amount to enhance the VSR limiting effect of the calcium sulfonates. Also included are fuel formulations containing calcium sulfonates in a concentration effective to limit vale seat recession in engines utilizing the fuel formulations. Methods for treating VSR in piston engines are also provided.

The present invention relates to a composition for scavenging hydrogen sulphide and/or mercaptans in hydrocarbon streams, the composition comprising an oxazolidine compound and a synergistic additive.

A winterized paraffin inhibitor, which is capable of being used for preventing the deposition of paraffins in hydrocarbon streams and capable of withstanding freezing or crystallization at freezing or sub-freezing temperatures, may be formed by adding an oxyalkylated branched aliphatic compound having 12 or more carbons to a high molecular weight aliphatic polymer paraffin inhibitor, the oxyalkylated branched aliphatic compound having 12 or more carbons being produced by the oxyalkylation of the branched aliphatic compound having 12 or more carbon atoms in which the branched aliphatic compound having 12 or more carbon atoms is grafted with a polyether via a ring-opening reaction, wherein the polyether is a polymer of ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, butylene oxide, and combinations thereof.

Methods for preparing an octane-boosting fuel additive having the following formula: are provided. In a first aspect, the method may comprise carrying out the following reaction: (i), (ii) In a second aspect, the method may comprise: (1) preparing the fuel additive; and (2) purifying the product of step (1) by: (a) dissolving the fuel additive in a water-insoluble solvent to form a solution; (b) washing the solution with water; and (c) separating the fuel additive product from the water-insoluble solvent using distillation. Steps (i) and (1) of the methods are carried out in the presence of butylated hydroxytoluene. ##STR00001##