A droplet formation for fuels is disclosed. The droplet formation for fuels includes an amphiphile. The droplet formation for fuels further includes at least one of an extensional viscosity modifier and a viscosity modifier. The droplet formation for fuels further includes a hydrophilic portion. The droplet formation for fuels further includes a hydrophobic portion. The droplet, including the hydrophilic portion and the hydrophobic portion, includes characteristics selected for beneficial combustion properties. The selected characteristics include flash point, autoignition temperature, density, viscosity, miscibility, size, combustion temperature, organic properties, inorganic properties, zwitterionic properties, micelle properties, and particulate properties.

The coal-derived solid hydrocarbon particles are discrete particles of coal-derived carbonaceous matter having a particle size less than about 10 m that are substantially free of inherent or entrained mineral matter. The particles of have an average particle size in the range from 1 m to 8 m. The particles of coal-derived carbonaceous matter are milled to a size approximately the same as a size of coal-derived mineral matter inherent in the coal source to release inherent coal-derived mineral matter particles such that the particles of carbonaceous matter and the particles of mineral matter are discrete and separable solid particles. Following separation, less than 1.5 wt. % discrete coal-derived mineral matter particles are associated with the discrete particles of coal-derived carbonaceous matter. Particles of coal-derived solid hydrocarbon matter are blended with a gaseous or liquid hydrocarbon fuel to form a two-phase hydrocarbon fuel feedstock.

Provided is mineral functional water including beneficial efficacy, such as improving action of combustion efficiency. Electromagnetic waves irradiated by mineral components contained in the mineral functional water according to the present invention reveals combustion-promoting action on hydrocarbons, such as hydrocarbons fuel.

A slurry suspension is provided, which comprises (a) carbonaceous material particles having an average diameter D.sub.50 comprised between 0.1 m and 200 m; (b) an organic compound comprising at least one amine group; and (c) an organic phase.

A liquid fuel derived from processed biomass having extremely low water content and suitable for use in diesel engines or as an additive to petroleum based fuels, or which can be used as a petroleum or coal slurry substitute in those uses where a lower cost fuel have reduced emission is desired, is described.

This document relates to a fuel oil composition comprising: (i) a solid hydrocarbonaceous and/or solid carbonaceous material, wherein the material is in particulate form, and wherein at least about 90% by volume (% v) of the particles are no greater than about 20 microns in diameter; and (ii) a liquid fuel oil; wherein the solid hydrocarbonaceous and/or solid carbonaceous material is present in an amount of at most about 30 by mass (% m) based on the total mass of the fuel oil composition. The invention further relates a process for the preparation of this fuel oil composition, a method of changing a grade of a liquid fuel oil, and a method for adjusting the flash point of a liquid fuel oil.

A method for producing an ashless coal includes a slurry preparation, an extraction, a separation, an ashless coal acquirement, and a by-product acquirement. In the by-product acquirement, a solvent used in the slurry preparation is evaporated and separated from a solid-content concentrated liquid separated in the separation, and then, a by-product coal is acquired. The by-product coal is used as a fuel for heating a slurry obtained in the slurry preparation.

The present invention is related to biofuel oily suspensions that use biocarbon in their composition. In this scenario, the present invention provides a biofuel oily suspension, comprising 5 to 50% by weight of micronized biocarbon and 50 to 95% by weight of oil. The biofuel oily suspension of the present invention is better adapted to compression internal combustion engines (diesel type) currently on the market, dispensing with major adaptations to them. Furthermore, the biofuel oily suspension of the present invention is highly sustainable and has an energy volumetric density and viscosity compared to liquid fossil fuels currently on the market.

A fuel and nanodiamond mixture includes a fuel for combustion and a fuel additive in the form of nanodiamonds mixed into the fuel to be dispersed throughout the fuel.

This document relates to a fuel oil composition comprising: (i) a solid hydrocarbonaceous and/or solid carbonaceous material, wherein the material is in particulate form, and wherein at least about 90% by volume (% v) of the particles are no greater than about 20 microns in diameter; and (ii) a liquid fuel oil; wherein the solid hydrocarbonaceous and/or solid carbonaceous material is present in an amount of at most about 30 by mass (% m) based on the total mass of the fuel oil composition. The invention further relates a process for the preparation of this fuel oil composition, a method of changing a grade of a liquid fuel oil, and a method for adjusting the flash point of a liquid fuel oil.