In the interest of making an existing consumer product, the fire starter log, better. Coming up with a new mixture came to mind. Many materials are being thrown away or wasted. The goal is to use these materials to create a natural burning alternative. By combining chipped hemp stalk, dried orange peel, and beeswax the use of less environmentally friendly materials used in other fire starters can be decreased. This product also creates value opportunity for producers of beeswax, oranges and hemp. Consumers of this product support a shift towards sustainable biomaterials.

A receiver for irregularly shaped bricks cast from non-volatile bituminous material includes a receiver with a specialized storage chamber that can receive viscous bituminous material and a concave lid preferably modified with a radiant heating system that can accept and melt or soften arriving bricks. The lid includes multiple openings or other delivery routes that funnel the melted bituminous material to the chamber below. The radiant heating system can be electrical where cables or grids are embedded in the lid or where conductive materials coat or are distributed throughout the lid. Alternatively, the radiant heating system can be hydronic where channels or conduits are embedded in the lid to circulate heated liquid such as water or water mixed with propylene glycol. The receiver can also include blenders, skimmers, and additional heaters to further skim, blend, or process the bituminous material collected in the chamber.

This invention provides processes and systems for converting biomass into highcarbon biogenic reagents that are suitable for a variety of commercial applications. Some embodiments employ pyrolysis in the presence of an inert gas to generate hot pyrolyzed solids, condensable vapors, and non-condensable gases, followed by separation of vapors and gases, and cooling of the hot pyrolyzed solids in the presence of the inert gas. Additives may be introduced during processing or combined with the reagent, or both. The biogenic reagent may include at least 70 wt %, 80 wt %, 90 wt %, 95 wt %, or more total carbon on a dry basis. The biogenic reagent may have an energy content of at least 12,000 Btu/lb, 13,000 Btu/lb, 14,000 Btu/lb, or 14,500 Btu/lb on a dry basis. The biogenic reagent may be formed into fine powders, or structural objects.

This invention provides processes and systems for converting biomass into highcarbon biogenic reagents that are suitable for a variety of commercial applications. Some embodiments employ pyrolysis in the presence of an inert gas to generate hot pyrolyzed solids, condensable vapors, and non-condensable gases, followed by separation of vapors and gases, and cooling of the hot pyrolyzed solids in the presence of the inert gas. Additives may be introduced during processing or combined with the reagent, or both. The biogenic reagent may include at least 70 wt %, 80 wt %, 90 wt %, 95 wt %, or more total carbon on a dry basis. The biogenic reagent may have an energy content of at least 12,000 Btu/lb, 13,000 Btu/lb, 14,000 Btu/lb, or 14,500 Btu/lb on a dry basis. The biogenic reagent may be formed into fine powders, or structural objects.

A process for the production of a fractionated product is disclosed, comprising providing a solid hydrocarbonaceous material, wherein the material is in particulate form, and wherein at least about 90% by volume (% v) of the particles are no greater than about 500 μm in diameter. The solid hydrocarbonaceous material is combined with an unrefined liquid hydrocarbonaceous material, such as crude oil, in order to create a combined solid-liquid blend; and the combined solid-liquid blend is subjected to fractionation in order to generate one or more fractionation products. Typically the solid hydrocarbonaceous material comprises coal, optionally the coal is ultrafine coal, and suitably the coal is comprised of microfine coal. The coal may be dewatered and deashed prior to combination with unrefined liquid hydrocarbonaceous material. Compositions and products of the process are further provided.

A process for the production of a fractionated product is disclosed, comprising providing a solid hydrocarbonaceous material, wherein the material is in particulate form, and wherein at least about 90% by volume (% v) of the particles are no greater than about 500 μm in diameter. The solid hydrocarbonaceous material is combined with an unrefined liquid hydrocarbonaceous material, such as crude oil, in order to create a combined solid-liquid blend; and the combined solid-liquid blend is subjected to fractionation in order to generate one or more fractionation products. Typically the solid hydrocarbonaceous material comprises coal, optionally the coal is ultrafine coal, and suitably the coal is comprised of microfine coal. The coal may be dewatered and deashed prior to combination with unrefined liquid hydrocarbonaceous material. Compositions and products of the process are further provided.

Processes and systems for converting biomass into high-carbon biogenic reagents that are suitable for a variety of commercial applications. Pyrolysis in the presence of an inert gas is employed to generate hot pyrolyzed solids, condensable vapors, and non-condensable gases, followed by separation of vapors and gases, and cooling of the hot pyrolyzed solids in the presence of the inert gas. Additives may be introduced during processing or combined with the reagent, or both. The biogenic reagent may include at least 70 wt %, 80 wt %, 90 wt %, 95 wt %, or more total carbon on a dry basis. The biogenic reagent may have an energy content of at least 12,000 Btu/lb, 13,000 Btu/lb, 14,000 Btu/lb, or 14,500 Btu/lb on a dry basis. The biogenic reagent may be formed into fine powders, or structural objects. The structural objects may have a structure and/or strength that derive from the feedstock, heat rate, and additives.

Processes and systems for converting biomass into high-carbon biogenic reagents that are suitable for a variety of commercial applications. Pyrolysis in the presence of an inert gas is employed to generate hot pyrolyzed solids, condensable vapors, and non-condensable gases, followed by separation of vapors and gases, and cooling of the hot pyrolyzed solids in the presence of the inert gas. Additives may be introduced during processing or combined with the reagent, or both. The biogenic reagent may include at least 70 wt %, 80 wt %, 90 wt %, 95 wt %, or more total carbon on a dry basis. The biogenic reagent may have an energy content of at least 12,000 Btu/lb, 13,000 Btu/lb, 14,000 Btu/lb, or 14,500 Btu/lb on a dry basis. The biogenic reagent may be formed into fine powders, or structural objects. The structural objects may have a structure and/or strength that derive from the feedstock, heat rate, and additives.

A process for upgrading of a coal product is provided. The process comprising the steps of: (i) providing a purified coal composition, wherein the composition is in the form of solid particles, and wherein at least about 90% by volume (% vol) of the solid particles are no greater than about 500 μm in diameter; and (ii) combining the purified coal composition with a solid coal feedstock, in order to create a combined solid-solid blend upgraded coal product. Further a process for preparation of a purified coal product is provided. The process comprising the steps of: obtaining a starting material that comprises coal; subjecting the starting material to at least one fine grinding stage so as to reduce the starting material to a particulate composition in which substantially all of the particles are no more than 500 microns (μm) in diameter; exposing the particulate composition to at least one froth flotation stage so as to separate hydrocarbonaceous material comprised within the particulate composition from mineral matter, wherein during the at least one froth flotation stage the hydrocarbonaceous material is associated with froth produced and separated from the at least one froth flotation stage; washing the froth separated from the at least one froth flotation stage with water to release the hydrocarbonaceous material; and subjecting the hydrocarbonaceous material to at least one dewatering stage so as to obtain a particulate purified coal product that has an ash content of less than 12% m, a water content of less than 25% m and wherein the particles comprised within the particulate purified coal product have a d90 of less than 00 μm. Products, such as pelletized or briquetted coal, comprising purified coal material obtainable via the described processes are also provided.

A process for upgrading of a coal product is provided. The process comprising the steps of: (i) providing a purified coal composition, wherein the composition is in the form of solid particles, and wherein at least about 90% by volume (% vol) of the solid particles are no greater than about 500 μm in diameter; and (ii) combining the purified coal composition with a solid coal feedstock, in order to create a combined solid-solid blend upgraded coal product. Further a process for preparation of a purified coal product is provided. The process comprising the steps of: obtaining a starting material that comprises coal; subjecting the starting material to at least one fine grinding stage so as to reduce the starting material to a particulate composition in which substantially all of the particles are no more than 500 microns (μm) in diameter; exposing the particulate composition to at least one froth flotation stage so as to separate hydrocarbonaceous material comprised within the particulate composition from mineral matter, wherein during the at least one froth flotation stage the hydrocarbonaceous material is associated with froth produced and separated from the at least one froth flotation stage; washing the froth separated from the at least one froth flotation stage with water to release the hydrocarbonaceous material; and subjecting the hydrocarbonaceous material to at least one dewatering stage so as to obtain a particulate purified coal product that has an ash content of less than 12% m, a water content of less than 25% m and wherein the particles comprised within the particulate purified coal product have a d90 of less than 00 μm. Products, such as pelletized or briquetted coal, comprising purified coal material obtainable via the described processes are also provided.