Embodiments provide a flammable and fire-resistant carbonaceous heat source and a method and a use for the same. In the embodiments, the flammable and fire-resistant carbonaceous heat source of the present disclosure includes flammable carbon, flame-retardant carbon and a binder, wherein, the flame-retardant carbon includes graphite, the binder includes glutinous rice glue, and based on a total weight of the flammable and fire-resistant carbon heat source, a content of the flammable carbon, the flame-retardant carbon and the binder is 40-75 wt%, 10-45 wt% and 3-15 wt%, respectively. The method for preparing the flammable and fire-resistant carbonaceous heat source of the present disclosure includes the following steps: mixing the flammable carbon, the flame-retardant carbon, and the binder in a content ratio; extruding and shaping a resulting mixture; and drying a resulting mixture.

The present invention relates to a process for the production of oxidized wood products, comprising step a) reacting chips of one or more wood products in a basic solution at a pH between 8 and 14 under an oxygen atmosphere at a pressure of at least 0.1 MPa, or at least 0.9 MPa. A copper catalyst may be used in the process.

This disclosure pertains to the use of black liquors from kraft pulp mills as a source of catalysts for the thermochemical conversion of organic matter feedstocks to bio oils. More particularly, some embodiments pertain to integrated kraft pulp mill and thermochemical conversion systems, which include: a Kraft pulp mill comprising a digester for digesting a lignocellulosic material with white liquor to produce pulp and black liquors; a thermochemical conversion subsystem comprising: at least one mixing tank for combining pulping liquors received from the pulp mill with an organic matter feedstock and water to produce a reaction mixture; a reactor vessel for treating the reaction mixture received from the mixing tank at a reaction temperature and pressure suitable for conversion of all or a portion of the organic matter in the reaction mixture into a product mixture comprising a bioproduct and an aqueous stream containing both organic and inorganic compounds; and a depressurizer for depressurizing product mixture received from the reactor vessel; and one or more conveyors for conveying the pulping liquors from the pulp mill to the mixing tank.

Clean, safe and efficient methods, systems, and processes for utilizing thermolysis methods to processes to convert various e-waste sources into Clean Fuel Gas and Char source are disclosed. The invention processes e-waste sources, such as for example whole circuit boards, to effectively shred and/or grind the waste source, and then process using thermolysis methods to destroy and/or separate halogen and other dangerous components to provide a Clean Fuel Gas and Char source, along with the ability to recover precious metals and other valuable components from the Char.

This invention provides processes and systems for converting biomass into high carbon biogenic reagents that are suitable for a variety of commercial applications. Some embodiments employ pyrolysis in the presence of an inert gas to generate hot pyrolyzed solids, condensable vapors, and non-condensable gases, followed by separation of vapors and gases, and cooling of the hot pyrolyzed solids in the presence of the inert gas. Additives may be introduced during processing or combined with the reagent, or both. The biogenic reagent may include at least 70 wt %, 80 wt %, 90 wt %, 95 wt %, or more total carbon on a dry basis. The biogenic reagent may have an energy content of at least 12,000 Btu/lb, 13,000 Btu/lb, 14,000 Btu/lb, or 14,500 Btu/lb on a dry basis. The biogenic reagent may be formed into fine powders, or structural objects. The structural objects may have a structure and/or strength that derive from the feedstock, heat rate, and additives.

A system of treating waste materials (28) is provided, and includes a waste treatment reactor (10) configured to treat the waste materials. The waste treatment reactor (10) has a cylindrical body (12) having an inlet (14) to receive the waste materials, a waste chamber (26) to store the waste materials, and an outlet (16) configured to deliver treated waste materials out of the waste chamber. A bundle reactor (38) has the waste treatment reactor and performs a waste treatment for the waste materials stored in the waste chamber. An energy recirculation assembly (40) is connected to the bundle reactor and recirculates thermal energy associated with the bundle reactor during the waste treatment. The energy recirculation assembly (40) has a heating unit (42) to heat a first region of the bundle reactor, and a cooling unit (44) to cool a second region of the bundle reactor.

Systems and methods for rendering cannabis-related waste materials are provided. The method may include inserting a plurality of cannabis-related waste materials into, for example, a mobile rendering vehicle. The method may further include physically altering the cannabis-related waste materials such that the cannabis-related waste materials are unrecognizable and unusable. The insertion of the cannabis-related waste materials into the mobile rendering vehicle may be recorded and/or the physical alteration (e.g., pulverization) of the cannabis-related waste materials may be recorded via one or more cameras disposed on the mobile rendering vehicle to verify proper insertion and/or alteration of the cannabis-related waste materials.

The present invention relates to utilization of bio-based materials. In particular, the present invention relates to a method for utilization of grain based raw materials, wherein the method also comprises a versatile use of the side streams or by-products of the process. The method produces a wet fiber cake for combustion, wherein said wet fiber cake provides excellent burn values, low emission values and low amount of residual ash.

The presently disclosed subject matter relates to torrefied biomass briquettes and methods for producing the same that make use of a mixture of lightly torrefied material (LTM) and highly torrefied material (HTM) and/or make use of torrefied materials that are subjected to a hydrolysis pretreatment prior to being torrefied.

This invention provides processes and systems for converting biomass into high-carbon biogenic reagents that are suitable for a variety of commercial applications. Some embodiments employ pyrolysis in the presence of an inert gas to generate hot pyrolyzed solids, condensable vapors, and non-condensable gases, followed by separation of vapors and gases, and cooling of the hot pyrolyzed solids in the presence of the inert gas. Additives may be introduced during processing or combined with the reagent, or both. The biogenic reagent may include at least 70 wt %, 80 wt %, 90 wt %, 95 wt %, or more total carbon on a dry basis. The biogenic reagent may have an energy content of at least 12,000 Btu/lb, 13,000 Btu/lb, 14,000 Btu/lb, or 14,500 Btu/lb on a dry basis. The biogenic reagent may be formed into fine powders, or structural objects. The structural objects may have a structure and/or strength that derive from the feedstock, heat rate, and additives.