Embodiments of the present invention may provide managing waste including providing non-sorted solid waste (1), processing non-sorted solid waste in a waste handling system (21), shredding (26) non-sorted solid waste to create shredded non-sorted solid waste (27) in a waste handling system; introducing shredded non-sorted solid waste into a thermochemical conversion reactor (4); heating and even chemically converting a shredded non-sorted solid waste; producing hydrochar (22) and a recyclable materials fraction (23); recycling water (24) used in the heating and chemically processing of the shredded non-sorted solid waste in a thermochemical conversion reactor in said waste handling system; sorting (25) the recyclable materials fraction; fueling (28) a thermochemical conversion reactor with hydrochar (22); and perhaps even recycling heat from a thermochemical conversion reactor in the waste handling system.

A method for processing lignocellulose materials comprising the steps of hydrothermal treatment of the material with saturated or superheated steam in a hydrothermal pressure vessel, wherein the steam is provided by means of a steam boiler. The treatment is performed at a pressure of 5-30 bars, and at a temperature of 160-240° C. for a duration of 1-20 minutes. The method further comprises discharging hydrothermally treated lignocellulose material and steam from the pressure vessel by means of rapid pressure reduction, separating the steam and vapours released from the lignocellulose material, and burning the vapours together with additional fuel and combustion air in the furnace of said steam boiler. Furthermore, a corresponding system is provided.

Methods and systems for treatment of organic waste by means of hydrothermal carbonization include a mixing tank for receiving organic waste. A first batch of mixed wet waste is fed from the mixing tank to a first thermal reactor to undergo thermal hydrolysis. A second batch of mixed wet waste is fed from the mixing tank to a second thermal reactor to undergo thermal hydrolysis. Bio-char sludge is fed in an alternating manner from the first and second thermal reactors to a bio-char cooler. To save energy, hot and pressurized water from the first thermal reactor is subsequently supplied to the second thermal reactor or from the second thermal reactor to the first thermal reactor in an alternating manner for the respective hydrolysis processes.

A system of treating waste materials (28) is provided, and includes a waste treatment reactor (10) configured to treat the waste materials. The waste treatment reactor (10) has a cylindrical body (12) having an inlet (14) to receive the waste materials, a waste chamber (26) to store the waste materials, and an outlet (16) configured to deliver treated waste materials out of the waste chamber. A bundle reactor (38) has the waste treatment reactor and performs a waste treatment for the waste materials stored in the waste chamber. An energy recirculation assembly (40) is connected to the bundle reactor and recirculates thermal energy associated with the bundle reactor during the waste treatment. The energy recirculation assembly (40) has a heating unit (42) to heat a first region of the bundle reactor, and a cooling unit (44) to cool a second region of the bundle reactor.

The presently disclosed subject matter relates to torrefied biomass briquettes and methods for producing the same that make use of a mixture of lightly torrefied material (LTM) and highly torrefied material (HTM) and/or make use of torrefied materials that are subjected to a hydrolysis pretreatment prior to being torrefied.

There is provided a method of hydrothermal carbonization of a sludge from a wastewater treatment plant, comprising the steps of: preheating the sludge with at least one first steam fraction to obtain a preheated sludge; further heating the preheated sludge with a second steam fraction to obtain a heated sludge; subjecting the heated sludge to hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) in a reactor to obtain a HTC-treated slurry; mixing the HTC-treated slurry with an oxidizing agent, such as oxygen gas, to obtain a wet-oxidized slurry; subjecting the wet-oxidized slurry to flashing to obtain the second steam fraction and a pre-cooled slurry; subjecting the pre-cooled slurry to flashing in at least one step to obtain the at least one first steam fraction and a cooled slurry; separating the cooled slurry into a liquid fraction and a solids fraction; and routing the liquid fraction to the wastewater treatment plant for further treatment, wherein the second steam fraction is used for heating preheated sludge to the temperature of the HTC reaction. A corresponding system is also provided.

A laminar stream reactor for the production of hydrochar of a solid-fluid mixture of water and a carbon-containing component, wherein the solid-fluid mixture is treated at a temperature of 100-300 degree ° C. and a pressure of 5-70 bar, consists of tubular reactor units of largely vertical holding sections (1,3) and direction-changing diverters (2,4). The holding sections are thereby flown through slower by the solid-fluid mixture than the remaining tube distances, as they have larger diameters.

The invention relates to a method for hydrothermal carbonisation of biomass containing organic matter, the method comprising: —injecting the biomass, a heat transfer fluid and a reagent into a reactor (1), —circulating a mixture consisting of the biomass, the heat transfer fluid and the reagent under specific pressure and temperature conditions for transforming the organic matter by hydrothermal carbonisation. The invention consists in: 1) determining the production rate of the emitted gas T.sub.e during the hydrothermal carbonisation reaction; 2) comparing the determined production rate of the emitted gas T.sub.e with a predefined value for the set gas production rate T.sub.c, and 3) adjusting at least one of the reaction control parameters chosen from among the temperature within the reactor (1), the quantity of injected reactant, and the residence time in the reactor in order to adjust the production rate of the emitted gas T.sub.e, such that the value of said production rate of the emitted gas Te tends to be equal to the value of the set gas production rate T.sub.c. The invention is applicable to treatment of biomass containing organic matter.

A hanging compartmental accessory organizer that typically includes a hanging mechanism such as a hook, an optional support bar that is in communication with the hanging mechanism, a flexible back panel that is hanging from and supported by the hook and if present the support bar, at least one compartment member; wherein, the back panel comprises attachment strips, and the at least one compartment member comprising corresponding attachment means, such that the compartment member is removably attachable at multiple points on the back panel

A method and apparatus for producing a solid biofuel from hydrocarbonaceous feedstock is described. The process includes loading a hydrocarbonaceous feedstock into a reactor vessel, adding an aqueous catalyst solution into the reactor vessel, wherein the catalyst solution resides at the bottom of the reactor vessel under the hydrocarbonaceous feedstock position, heating the reactor vessel at or above 170° C. to catalyze a reaction of hydrocarbonaceous feedstock under saturated steam conditions for a time sufficient to yield a polymeric biofuel, and isolating the polymeric biofuel from the reactor vessel.