A diesel fuel substitute composition includes an alcohol, an acetal, and an additive comprising a component selected from the group consisting of C.sub.3-8 dialkyl ethers, alkylated phenols, RNO.sub.2, and combinations thereof. A method for forming the diesel fuel substitute is also provided.

The application relates to a Ramjet solid fuel having an ignition temperature of less than 400 C., the fuel comprising a bis-(ethylene oxy) methane polysulfide polymer (BMPP) and hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene (HTPB), the copolymer having a BMPP/HTPB weight ratio of from 1/3 to 3/1; and the fuel comprising at least 85 weight % copolymer. The BMPP comprises from 5 to 8 weight percent mercaptan. Furthermore, the BMPP is selected from
HS(RSS).sub.aCH.sub.2CH((SSR).sub.cCSH)CH.sub.2(SSR).sub.bSHa) where R(CH.sub.2).sub.2OCH.sub.2O(CH.sub.2).sub.2 and a+b+c<7; and
H(SC.sub.2H.sub.4OCH.sub.2OC.sub.2H4S).sub.nH where n=7.b)

Ethylene-C.sub.3-C.sub.10 alpha olefin copolymers, dispersants and lubricating oils/fuel compositions incorporating dispersants, and related methods are generally described herein. The copolymer may comprise ethylene-derived units and C.sub.3-C.sub.10 alpha-olefin-derived units. The C.sub.3-C.sub.10 alpha-olefin-derived units may have a carbon number from three to ten. For example, the C.sub.3-C.sub.10 alpha-olefin-derived units may be propylene-derived units.

A slurry suspension is provided, which comprises (a) carbonaceous material particles having an average diameter D.sub.50 comprised between 0.1 m and 200 m; (b) an organic compound comprising at least one amine group; and (c) an organic phase.

A flue gas additive is provided that includes both a nitrogenous component to reduce gas phase nitrogen oxides and a halogen-containing component to oxidize gas phase elemental mercury.

A lubricating oil detergent composition comprises an overbased calcium sulfonate and a low ash detergent, which low ash detergent is metal free and comprises the reaction product of an acidic organic compound such as an alkylated salicylic acid, a boron compound and an amine component.

The invention relates to quaternary ammonium amide and/or ester salts and their use as additives, including their use in fuels, such as diesel fuel. The invention particularly relates to the use of quaternary ammonium amide and/or ester salts as detergents in diesel fuels.

Described are preferred compositions for a motor fuel. Such motor fuels may be particularly well suited for use in the motor of an aircraft. In particular, compositions of the present disclosure may comprise 50-75 wt % isooctane/alkylates, 20-40 wt % ETBE, 0-3 wt % isobutane, and 0-5 wt % aromatics. The present disclosure describes a full spectrum of unleaded fuels with various motor octane (MON) values.

Fuel additive compositions that include synergistic mixtures of one or more neutral lubricity additives and one or more monoacidic lubricity additives to provide wear and/or friction reduction in fuels.

The present disclosure relates to methods and fuel compositions for reducing fuel injector deposits in gasoline engines operated at high fuel pressures. The fuel compositions include hydrocarbons boiling in the gasoline range and a synergistic fuel injector cleaning mixture.