A flue gas additive is provided that includes both a nitrogenous component to reduce gas phase nitrogen oxides and a halogen-containing component to oxidize gas phase elemental mercury.

The invention relates to the use of quaternized nitrogen compounds as a fuel and lubricant additive or kerosene additive, such as in particular as a detergent additive, for decreasing or preventing deposits in the injection systems of direct-injection diesel engines, in particular in common rail injection systems, for decreasing the fuel consumption of direct-injection diesel engines, in particular of diesel engines having common rail injection systems, and for minimizing the power loss in direct-injection diesel engines, in particular in diesel engines having common rail injection systems; the invention further relates to the use as an additive for petrol, in particular for operation of DISI engines.

Methods are provided for treatment of kerosene/jet fuel boiling range fractions, such as previously qualified jet fuel fractions, to allow blending of the kerosene/jet fuel boiling range fractions to produce a jet fuel boiling range blend having a breakpoint that is equal to or greater than the breakpoint of at least one of the kerosene jet fuel boiling range fractions used to form the blend. The breakpoint of the jet fuel boiling range blend can be maintained by treating at least one of the component fractions of the blend and/or by treating the blend to reduce a nitrogen content. The reduced nitrogen content can correspond to a reduced content of total nitrogen and/or a reduced content of unexpected nitrogen compounds.

Methods of treating a petroleum hydrocarbon fluid are described wherein the petroleum hydrocarbon fluid is contacted with an asphaltene inhibitor composition having an ionic liquid and an asphaltene inhibitor. The ionic liquid has a cation of R.sup.1R.sup.2R.sup.3R.sup.4N.sup.+ or R.sup.1R.sup.2R.sup.3N.sup.+R.sup.8N.sup.+R.sup.5R.sup.6R.sup.7 and an anion, wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5, R.sup.6 and R.sup.7 are independently selected from hydrogen, a straight or branched C.sub.1-30 alkyl group, benzyl, a C.sub.7-30 alkylbenzyl group, a C.sub.7-30 arylalkyl group, a straight or branched C.sub.3-30 alkenyl group, a C.sub.1-30 hydroxyalkyl group, a C.sub.7-30 hydroxyalkylbenzyl group, an oxyalkylene or a polyoxyalkylene group or a zwitterion; R.sup.8 is a straight or branched C.sub.1-30 alkylene, an alkylene oxyalkylene or an alkylene polyoxyalkylene; and the anion includes halides, hydroxyl, bicarbonate, carbonate, alkyl carbonates, alkoxides, carboxylates, hydroxycarboxylates or a combination thereof.

An olefin-carboxylic acid copolymer, containing at least one free carboxylic acid side group, or a nitrogen compound quaternized with epoxide in the presence of an olefin-carboxylic acid copolymer, containing at least one free carboxylic acid side group, can be used as a fuel additive or lubricant additive. Processes can be used for preparing additives of this kind and fuels and lubricants additized therewith, such as a detergent additive. These additives, fuels, and lubricants can be used for reduction or prevention of deposits in injection systems of direct injection diesel engines, especially in common rail injection systems: for reduction of fuel consumption of direct injection diesel engines, especially of diesel engines with common rail injection systems; and for minimization of power loss in direct injection diesel engines, especially in diesel engines with common rail injection systems. The additives can also be used for gasoline fuels, especially for operation of DISI engines.

An olefin-carboxylic acid copolymer, containing at least one free carboxylic acid side group, or a nitrogen compound quaternized with epoxide in the presence of an olefin-carboxylic acid copolymer, containing at least one free carboxylic acid side group, can be used as a fuel additive or lubricant additive. Processes can be used for preparing additives of this kind and fuels and lubricants additized therewith, such as a detergent additive. These additives, fuels, and lubricants can be used for reduction or prevention of deposits in injection systems of direct injection diesel engines, especially in common rail injection systems; for reduction of fuel consumption of direct injection diesel engines, especially of diesel engines with common rail injection systems; and for minimization of power loss in direct injection diesel engines, especially in diesel engines with common rail injection systems. The additives can also be used for gasoline fuels, especially for operation of DISI engines.

The present technology is related to amide or ester containing quaternary ammonium salts having a hydrocarbyl substituent of number average molecular weight ranging from 300 to 750, and the use of such quaternary ammonium salts in fuel compositions to improve the water shedding performance of the fuel composition.

The present technology is related to imide containing quaternary ammonium salts having a hydrocarbyl substituent of number average molecular weight ranging from 300 to 750, and the use of such quaternary ammonium salts in fuel compositions to improve the water shedding performance of the fuel composition.

A fuel oil “A” composition wherein the density (15C) is 0.8400 to 0.8900 g/cm3, the kinematic viscosity at 50 C is not less than 2.000 mm2/s and the cetane index (old) is not less than 35, and also wherein the sulphur content is not more than 0.100 mass %, the sulphur content of sulphur compounds having a boiling point at or above the boiling point of dibenzothiophene is not more than 110 mass ppm, and the residual carbon content of 10% residual oil is not less than 0.20 mass %.

Processes for stabilizing toluenediamine residues are disclosed. These processes include adding a low viscosity, low boiling liquid to a toluenediamine residue composition to form a blend, and optionally, continuously monitoring the viscosity of the blend during addition of the low viscosity, low boiling liquid. The low viscosity, low boiling liquid may be added at 5% to 30% by weight based on the total weight of the blend. Further, the low viscosity, low boiling liquid may be added so that the blend has a viscosity of 10,000 cP or less throughout the temperature range of 40° C. to 95° C. Blends of toluenediamine residue compositions and low viscosity, low boiling liquids such as water, and methods of their use as a fuel are also disclosed.