Methods are provided for treatment of kerosene/jet fuel boiling range fractions, such as previously qualified jet fuel fractions, to allow blending of the kerosene/jet fuel boiling range fractions to produce a jet fuel boiling range blend having a breakpoint that is equal to or greater than the breakpoint of at least one of the kerosene jet fuel boiling range fractions used to form the blend. The breakpoint of the jet fuel boiling range blend can be maintained by treating at least one of the component fractions of the blend and/or by treating the blend to reduce a nitrogen content. The reduced nitrogen content can correspond to a reduced content of total nitrogen and/or a reduced content of unexpected nitrogen compounds.

A fuel oil “A” composition wherein the density (15C) is 0.8400 to 0.8900 g/cm3, the kinematic viscosity at 50 C is not less than 2.000 mm2/s and the cetane index (old) is not less than 35, and also wherein the sulphur content is not more than 0.100 mass %, the sulphur content of sulphur compounds having a boiling point at or above the boiling point of dibenzothiophene is not more than 110 mass ppm, and the residual carbon content of 10% residual oil is not less than 0.20 mass %.

A multi-stage process for the production of an ISO 8217 compliant Product Heavy Marine Fuel Oil from ISO 8217 compliant Feedstock Heavy Marine Fuel Oil involving a Reaction System composed of one or more reactor vessels selected from a group reactor wherein said one or more reactor vessels contains one or more reaction sections configured to promote the transformation of the Feedstock Heavy Marine Fuel Oil to the Product Heavy Marine Fuel Oil. The Product Heavy Marine Fuel Oil has a Environmental Contaminate level has a maximum sulfur content (ISO 14596 or ISO 8754) between the range of 0.05 mass % to 1.0 mass. A process plant for conducting the process for conducting the process is disclosed that can utilize a modular reactor vessel.

There is provided a process for producing a fuel comprising: sensing the sulphur content of a liquid hydrocarbonaceous material; admixing liquid aqueous material and the liquid hydrocarbonaceous material in a predetermined ratio, based upon the sensed sulphur content, such that a nanoemulsion is obtained; and converting the nanoemulsion into at least the fuel.

A liquid hydrocarbon marine fuel oil includes a marine distillate fuel or a heavy oil or a blend thereof containing an additive combination including: (A) a polyalkenyl-substituted carboxylic acid or anhydride, and (B) a metal hydrocarbyl-substituted hydroxybenzoate and/or sulfonate detergent,
where the mass:mass ratio of (A) to (B) is in the range of 20:1 to 1:20 and the treat rate of the additive combination is in the range of 5 to 10000 ppm by mass.

Low sulfur gasoline blend stock is produced by a hydrodesulfurization process including at least two hydrodesulfurization reactors with hydrogen feeds and two finishing reactors arranged where the first polishing reactor converts both thiophenic compounds and mercaptans to hydrogen sulfide and hydrocarbons and the second polishing reactor uses a catalyst that has much less thiophenic conversion activity but is operated at a higher temperature to more substantially reduce the sulfur content of the gasoline present in the form of mercaptans. As the conversion of thiophenes to hydrogen sulfide is correlated to reducing octane number, using a second polishing reactor that has little activity for thiophene conversion also protects the high-octane species in the gasoline thereby minimizing octane loss while reducing total sulfur content to acceptable levels. The sulfur left in the gasoline is biased toward higher thiophene content and away from mercaptan content.

Fuel oil compositions, and methods for blending such fuel oil compositions, to enhance initial compatibility and longer term stability when such fuel oil compositions are blended to meet IMO 2020 low sulfur fuel oil requirements (ISO 8217). In one or more embodiments, asphaltenic resid base stocks are blended with high aromatic slurry oil to facilitate initial compatibility such that low sulfur cutter stocks, e.g., vacuum gas oil and/or cycle oil, may be further blended therein to cut sulfur content while maintaining longer term stability. These fuel oil compositions are economically advantageous when used as marine low sulfur fuel oils because greater concentrations of high viscosity resids are present in the final blend.

Fuel oil compositions, and methods for blending such fuel oil compositions, to enhance initial compatibility and longer term stability when such fuel oil compositions are blended to meet IMO 2020 low sulfur fuel oil requirements (ISO 8217). In one or more embodiments, asphaltenic resid base stocks are blended with high aromatic slurry oil to facilitate initial compatibility such that low sulfur cutter stocks, e.g., vacuum gas oil and/or cycle oil, may be further blended therein to cut sulfur content while maintaining longer term stability. These fuel oil compositions are economically advantageous when used as marine low sulfur fuel oils because greater concentrations of high viscosity resids are present in the final blend.

Low sulfur fuel oil blend compositions and methods of making such blend compositions to increase the stability and compatibility of LSFO blends having paraffinic resids that are blended with distillates and/or cracked stocks of higher asphaltenes and/or aromatics content. In one or more embodiments, distillates and/or cracked stocks that incrementally reduce the initial aromaticity of the distillate or cracked stock with the highest aromaticity are sequentially blended prior to resid addition. Such incremental reduction and sequential blending have been found to provide a resulting low sulfur fuel oil blend that is both compatible and stable.

Fuel compositions that are low sulfur and have adequate combustion quality are disclosed. An example fuel composition that is low sulfur may have the following enumerated properties: a sulfur content of about 0.50% or less by weight of the fuel composition; a calculated carbon aromaticity index of about 870 or less; a density at 15° C. of about 900 kg/m.sup.3 to about 1,010 kg/m.sup.3; a kinematic viscosity at 50° C. of about 100 centistokes to about 700 centistokes; and an estimated cetane number of about 7 or greater.