Provided are apparatus and systems for performing a swing adsorption process. This swing adsorption process may involve performing dampening for fluctuations in the streams conducted away from the adsorbent bed unit. The process may be utilized for swing adsorption processes, such as rapid cycle TSA and/or rapid cycle PSA, which are utilized to remove one or more contaminants from a gaseous feed stream.

The processes and systems herein described enable the use of CO.sub.2 to handle heavy oil fractions. A significant reduction in the requisite energy to maintain such a fuel in fluid form is attained. The energy reduction from herein described residue handling systems facilitate increased combustion plant efficiency and reduced CO.sub.2 emissions. The residue handling system is useful in refineries, power generation plants and other processes utilizing heavy oil residues as a feed.

A method is provided for synthesizing bio-based LPG from renewable sources via a bio-based synthetic gas feedstock, using a solvent absorption process and a solid adsorption process for recovering LPG in high yield while providing for high recovery and reuse, with low pressure drop, of unreacted synthesis gas components.

A method is provided for synthesizing bio-based LPG from renewable sources via a bio-based synthetic gas feedstock, in a dual-stage reaction system comprising an oxygenate synthesis reaction zone and an oxygenate conversion reaction zone that are configured for producing and converting a methanol intermediate for reduced CO.sub.2 selectivity. The method includes recovering LPG from either the full reaction zone effluent or from a purge stream separated from the full reaction zone effluent for LPG recovery.

Described is a method for monitoring and predicting CO.sub.2 emissions at a gas processing plant. Quantitative data related to one or more characteristics of a gas stream of feed sources at the gas processing plant is continuously acquired. A correlation between the characteristics and a measured CO.sub.2 emission for the gas processing plant is determined. Using a prediction regression model, an amount of total CO.sub.2 being emitted by the gas processing plant is predicted based on the quantitative data.

A method and a system of properly utilizing CO2 captured from the atmosphere as an agricultural fertilizer and a fuel for electric generation. The recycling method comprises: collecting information relating to demand for the CO2 to be utilized as the fertilizer and demand for the CO2 to be utilized as the fuel; calculating a ratio between an amount of the CO2 to be utilized as the fertilizer and an amount of the CO2 to be utilized as the fuel, based on the collected information; and thereafter utilizing the CO2 as the fertilizer and as the fuel based on the calculated ratio.