A process for preparing an E10 test fuel in accordance with 40 CFR 1065.710(b) includes steps of combining an aromatic pre-blend having an aromatic distribution in accordance with 40 CFR 1065.710(b), or a combination of aromatic blendstocks that if combined into a mixture would have an aromatic distribution in accordance with 40 CFR 1065.710(b), with at least one paraffinic refining blendstock, and optionally adding ethanol, butane, olefin-containing blendstocks, sulfur compounds or sulfur-containing blendstocks as needed to meet the requirements of 40 CFR 1065.710(b).

A process for preparing an E10 test fuel in accordance with 40 CFR 1065.710(b) includes steps of combining an aromatic pre-blend having an aromatic distribution in accordance with 40 CFR 1065.710(b), or a combination of aromatic blendstocks that if combined into a mixture would have an aromatic distribution in accordance with 40 CFR 1065.710(b), with at least one paraffinic refining blendstock, and optionally adding ethanol, butane, olefin-containing blendstocks, sulfur compounds or sulfur-containing blendstocks as needed to meet the requirements of 40 CFR 1065.710(b).

An aviation gasoline composition comprising an impure iso-octane fraction, at least one xylene and at least one C.sub.4 or C.sub.5 alkane, wherein the impure iso-octane fraction in said composition is a fraction comprising at least 90 mol % iso-octane and having a final boiling point of at least 180 C. and is present in the composition in an amount in the range of from 30 to 80 vol. % based on the composition, the composition is substantially free of any lead compounds, the composition has a motor octane number of at least 94 and the composition has a final boiling point of at most 170 C. The composition of the present invention may be made by blending together an impure iso-octane fraction, xylene, at least one C.sub.4 or C.sub.5 alkane, optionally ethyl tertiary butyl ether, and optionally methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl and may be used in a spark ignition aviation engine, either alone or in combination with methanol or a methanol and water mixture.

The present disclosure relates to novel processes for making improved blends of hydrocarbon fuels that provide increased power and a broader operating range when used as fuel for homogeneous charge compression ignition engines.

Disclosed herein are a method of preparing a hydrocarbon oil blend having superior storage stability using a novel stability prediction model that is quick, easy and reliable; and a method of predicting the stability of a hydrocarbon blend.

Methods are provided to prepare a low sulfur fuel from hydrocarbon sources, such as light tight oil and high sulfur fuel oil, often less desired by conventional refiners, who split crude into a wide range of differing products and may prefer presence of wide ranges (C3 or C5 to C20 or higher) of hydrocarbons. These fuels can be produced by separating feeds into untreated and treated streams, and then recombining them. Such fuels can also be formulated by combinations of light, middle and heavy range constituents in a selected manner as claimed. Not only low in sulfur, the fuels of this invention are also low in nitrogen and essentially metals free. Fuel use applications include on-board large marine transport vessels but also on-shore for large land based combustion gas turbines, boilers, fired heaters and transport vehicles and trains.

Methods are provided to prepare a low sulfur fuel from hydrocarbon sources, such as light tight oil and high sulfur fuel oil, often less desired by conventional refiners, who split crude into a wide range of differing products and may prefer presence of wide ranges (C3 or C5 to C20 or higher) of hydrocarbons. These fuels can be produced by separating feeds into untreated and treated streams, and then recombining them. Such fuels can also be formulated by combinations of light, middle and heavy range constituents in a selected manner as claimed. Not only low in sulfur, the fuels of this invention are also low in nitrogen and essentially metals free. Fuel use applications include on-board large marine transport vessels but also on-shore for large land based combustion gas turbines, boilers, fired heaters and transport vehicles and trains.

Methods are provided to prepare a low sulfur fuel from hydrocarbon sources, such as light tight oil and high sulfur fuel oil, often less desired by conventional refiners, who split crude into a wide range of differing products and may prefer presence of wide ranges (C3 or C5 to C20 or higher) of hydrocarbons. These fuels can be produced by separating feeds into untreated and treated streams, and then recombining them. Such fuels can also be formulated by combinations of light, middle and heavy range constituents in a selected manner as claimed. Not only low in sulfur, the fuels of this invention are also low in nitrogen and essentially metals free. Fuel use applications include on-board large marine transport vessels but also on-shore for large land based combustion gas turbines, boilers, fired heaters and transport vehicles and trains.

Provided is a method for preparing fuel of cracking furnace that includes: preparing a first methane off-gas stream derived from a liquid cracking furnace and a second methane off-gas stream derived from a gaseous cracking furnace, diverging a portion of the first methane off-gas stream into a methane off-gas export stream and obtaining a first fuel gas stream from the rest of the stream, obtaining a second fuel gas stream from the second methane off-gas stream, mixing the first and second fuel gas streams to prepare a mixed fuel gas stream, and mixing a hydrogen gas stream with the mixed fuel gas stream.

Subject of the invention is a method for producing sustainable fuel, comprising the steps (i) converting CO.sub.2 into CO using a reverse water gas shift catalyst, (ii) converting CO from step (i) into C.sub.1-C.sub.6 hydrocarbons using a Fischer-Tropsch catalyst, and (iii) converting C.sub.1-C.sub.6 hydrocarbons from step (ii) into aromatics using a zeolite-based catalyst, further comprising a cooling step in which CO from step (i) is cooled before being converted in step (ii).