There is provided an emulsifier comprising at least one C.sub.8 to C.sub.18 fatty acid diethanolamide, at least one C.sub.12 to C.sub.24 fatty acid, at least one C.sub.6 to C.sub.18 alcohol ethoxylate and optionally at least one sorbitan ester and/or at least one alkylene glycol monoalkyl ether. There is additionally provided emulsions comprising a fuel, water and an emulsifier and methods of producing emulsions.

Fuel oil compositions, and methods for blending such fuel oil compositions, to enhance initial compatibility and longer term stability when such fuel oil compositions are blended to meet IMO 2020 low sulfur fuel oil requirements (ISO 8217). In one or more embodiments, asphaltenic resid base stocks are blended with high aromatic slurry oil to facilitate initial compatibility such that low sulfur cutter stocks, e.g., vacuum gas oil and/or cycle oil, may be further blended therein to cut sulfur content while maintaining longer term stability. These fuel oil compositions are economically advantageous when used as marine low sulfur fuel oils because greater concentrations of high viscosity resids are present in the final blend.

A fuel composition comprising a base fuel and at least one viscosity index (VI) improving additive, wherein the viscosity index (VI) improving additive is a functionalized dispersant olefin copolymer. The viscosity index (VI) improving additive provides improved power output and/or acceleration characteristics.

A renewable hydrocarbon composition as disclosed includes monobranched isoparaffins, dibranched isoparaffins, tribranched isoparaffins multibranched isoparaffins, and n-paraffins, having carbon numbers from C8 to C30. Said renewable hydrocarbon composition has high cetane number and excellent cold properties. The renewable hydrocarbon composition can be used as diesel fuel or as a diesel fuel component.

The present invention provides compositions and methods related to the production and use of enzymes suitable for reducing the amount of steryl glycosides or saturated monoacyl glycerols in a lipid mixture.

Provided herein are biodiesel fuel mixtures having improved properties for reducing NOx emissions as well as total particular matter emissions, CO emissions, and total hydrocarbon emissions.

The present invention relates to the production of biodiesel and alkyl esters by the transesterification of triglyceride esters, with alcohols in heterogeneous phase in the presence of heterogeneous catalysts, with yields higher than 80%, at a temperature from 0 to 300° C., residence time from 20 minutes to 20 h, space velocity of 0.1 to 10 h.sup.−1, pressure of 25-100 kg/cm.sup.2 (24.5-98.07 bar), methanol/oil molar ratio of 10 to 40 and catalyst concentration of 0.001 to 20 weight % based on tri-, di- or monoglyceride. The method produces biodiesel and alkyl esters by transesterification of tri-, di- or mono-glycerides, from palm, jatropha, castor, soybean and sunflower oils, wherein the alcohoxyls R.sup.1O, R.sup.2O and R.sup.3O of the glycerides are C.sub.1 to C.sub.24 and a C.sub.1-C.sub.4 alcohol, such as methanol, in an alcohol:oil ratio from 3:1 to 50:1. The transesterification reaction produces biodiesel while avoiding loss of catalyst, contaminating liquid effluents and eliminating undesirable hydrolysis of triglycerides, diglycerides and monoglycerides into free fatty acids and saponification that generate soaps.

A diesel fuel composition containing a renewable diesel component and oxymethylene ethers having molecular structure CH3O—(CH2O)n-CH3 with n=3-5 (OME3-5). A method for producing a diesel fuel composition and use thereof. Use of OME3-5 to decrease particle emission of renewable diesel fuels is further disclosed.

A method for converting cedarwood oil into high density fuels including, hydrogenating cedarwood oil in the presence of at least one hydrogenation catalyst to generate hydrogenated cedarwood oil, removing the hydrogenation catalyst from the hydrogenated cedarwood oil, purifying the hydrogenated cedarwood oil to produce a first high density fuel, isomerizing the first high density fuel in the presence of at least one acid catalyst catalyst to generate a hydrocarbon mixture including adamantanes, and distilling the adamantane mixture to produce a second alkyl-adamantane high density fuel.

Mesoporous organosilica sorbents are effective to remove contaminants (such as glycerol or detergent) from biodiesel. Contacting biodiesel with various a mesoporous organosilica sorbents comprising phenyl and sulfonate moieties resulted in the contaminants being absorbed by the sorbent and thus removed from the biodiesel.