Methods for blending transmix containing distillates such as diesel fuel into certified gasoline streams that can be burned in internal combustion engines without affecting the certification of the gasoline or the efficiency or operability of the engine.

The present application generally relates to the introduction of a renewable fuel oil as a feedstock into refinery systems or field upgrading equipment. For example, the present application is directed to methods of introducing a liquid thermally produced from biomass into a petroleum conversion unit; for example, a refinery fluid catalytic cracker (FCC), a coker, a field upgrader system, a hydrocracker, and/or hydrotreating unit; for co-processing with petroleum fractions, petroleum fraction reactants, and/or petroleum fraction feedstocks and the products, e.g., fuels, and uses and value of the products resulting therefrom.

A biogas blending and energy content verification system and method for controlled enhancement of a biogas feedstock stream energy content profile by selective sampling and analysis of the biogas feedstock stream and controlled injection of a refined gas of a known, higher energy content into the biogas feedstock stream to produce a blended biogas having an augmented energy content profile meeting or exceeding a pre-established minimum to meet end user requirements.

Systems and methods for generating a Methane number for a compressed natural gas fuel by obtaining compositional data from one or more particular analyzers and applying the obtained compositional data to one or more selectable Methane number generation protocols. The systems and methods can include refining of the compressed natural gas fuel to meet a predetermined Methane number.

Operating a natural gas (NG) processing plant, including receiving feed natural gas and processing the feed natural gas to give product natural gas. The processing includes removing acid gas, water, and non-methane hydrocarbons from the feed natural gas. In the NG processing plant, fuel is provided to a furnace and combusted in the furnace to heat a boiler and an HRSG to generate HP steam that drives a turbine to generate electricity and convert the HP steam to LP steam. Excess LP steam in the NG processing plant is subjected to electrolysis, thereby generating hydrogen gas, and the hydrogen gas combined with the fuel for combustion in the furnace.

A dynamically adjustable rate sulfur recovery process continuously calculates and adjusts sour gas stream operating pressure and/or flow rate to maximize sweet gas output, thereby improving efficiency. A corresponding desulfurization system may include a fixed-sized pressure vessel, a flow control valve that controls the rate of flow of a sour gas stream into the pressure vessel, a sensor that measures sulfur concentration in the sour gas stream, a reagent tank, an oxidizer tank, and a phase separator that separates sweet gas as a gaseous phase after hydrogen sulfide in the sour gas stream in the pressure vessel is converted to elemental sulfur, sulfur species, or both by contact with reagent from the reagent tank and oxidizer from the oxidizer tank. A PLC (programmable logic controller) continuously calculates updated flow rates based on sulfur concentration measurements from the sensor to achieve maximum sweet gas production.

A method of increasing efficiency of a combustion system, which runs with alcohol fuels, by injecting a controlled quantity of a fuel additive. The method includes using one of a single injector tip for pre-mixed alcohol fuel and fuel additive or individual injector tips for the alcohol fuel and the fuel additive. The fuel additive includes a mixture of organic compounds of which at least one organic compound includes at least one nitrate molecular group. The method further includes injecting the pre-mixed alcohol fuel and fuel additive or the alcohol fuel and the fuel additive individually into one or more combustion chambers of the engine block. The method also includes controlling a quantity of the fuel additive by a control arrangement associated with a temperature sensor, and controlling a flow-rate of the alcohol fuel by a power control adapted to controller an output power from the engine block.

The present invention provides a method of incorporating a gaseous hydrocarbon into a liquid hydrocarbon. The method comprises steps of exposing a gaseous hydrocarbon to non-thermal plasma generated using a reduced electric field with an E/N ratio in a range of from about 10 to about 30 Td to activate the gaseous hydrocarbon, and contacting the activated gaseous hydrocarbon with the liquid hydrocarbon to incorporate the gaseous hydrocarbon into the liquid hydrocarbon. The method provides the advantages of low energy consumption and relatively low capital expenditure.

A biogas blending and energy content verification system and method for controlled enhancement of a biogas feedstock stream energy content profile by selective sampling and analysis of the biogas feedstock stream and controlled injection of a refined gas of a known, higher energy content into the biogas feedstock stream to produce a blended biogas having an augmented energy content profile meeting or exceeding a pre-established minimum to meet end user requirements.

The present application generally relates to the introduction of a renewable fuel oil as a feedstock into refinery systems or field upgrading equipment. For example, the present application is directed to methods of introducing a liquid thermally produced from biomass into a petroleum conversion unit; for example, a refinery fluid catalytic cracker (FCC), a coker, a field upgrader system, a hydrocracker, and/or hydrotreating unit; for co-processing with petroleum fractions, petroleum fraction reactants, and/or petroleum fraction feedstocks and the products, e.g., fuels, and uses and value of the products resulting therefrom.