Methods of reducing acid gas from a stream, comprising contacting the stream with a solvent system comprising a glycerol derivative are described herein. Disclosed herein is a composition comprising a glycerol derivative and an acid gas. A method for sweetening a natural gas stream comprising contacting a solvent system comprising a glycerol derivative with a natural gas stream is described herein.

Composite materials and methods of preparing C0.sub.2 capture include: (1) a porous solid support comprising a plurality of porous channels; and (2) a nucleophilic source associated with the porous channels of the porous solid support. The nucleophilic source is capable of converting the captured C0.sub.2 to poly(C0.sub.2). Methods of capturing C0.sub.2 from an environment include associating the environment with the aforementioned composite materials to lead to the capture of C0.sub.2 from the environment. Such methods may also include a step of releasing the captured C0.sub.2 from the composite material. The associating step comprises a conversion of the captured C0.sub.2 to poly(C0.sub.2) in the composite material. A releasing step may also include a depolymerization of the formed poly(C0.sub.2).

An integrated plant to generate chemical grade syngas from a steam biomass reforming in a multiple stage bio reforming reactor for use with either a high temperature or low temperature Fischer-Tropsch synthesis process to produce fuel from biomass is discussed. The first stage has a reactor to cause a chemical devolatilization of a biomass feedstock from the biomass feedstock supply lines into its constituent gases of CO, H2, CO2, CH4, tars, chars, and other components into a raw syngas mixture. A second stage performs further reforming of the raw syngas from the first stage into the chemical grade syngas by further applying heat and pressure to chemically crack at least the tars, reform the CH4, or a combination of both, into their corresponding syngas molecules. The second stage feeds the chemical grade syngas derived from the biomass feedstock to the downstream Fischer-Tropsch train to produce the fuel from the biomass. One or more recycle loops supply tail gas or FT product back into the plant.

A process for the conversion of a cellulose containing feed comprising the steps of: contacting the cellulose containing feed with a molten salt hydrate and mildly hydrolyzing the cellulose to form a solution of partially hydrolized cellulose, separating one or more components of the partially hydrolyzed cellulose from the solution, converting the separated one or more components of the partially hydrolyzed cellulose in a thermo-catalytic process.

A crude oil processing plant that comprises a Fischer-Tropsch reactor is disclosed. The crude oil processing plant comprises a crude oil processing section and a hydrogen production section. The hydrogen production section is coupled to a hydrocracker in the crude oil processing section to deliver a high purity hydrogen stream. The Fischer-Tropsch reactor receives a syngas stream from the hydrogen production section and produces a hydrocarbon stream. When light crude oil is processed, the hydrocracker typically has excess capacities to upgrade the hydrocarbon stream from the Fischer-Tropsch reactor.

A process for selectively removing hydrogen sulphide relative to carbon dioxide from a gaseous mixture containing at least hydrogen sulphide H.sub.2S and carbon dioxide CO.sub.2, includes a step of contacting the gaseous mixture with an absorbent solution including at least one amine, water, and at least one C.sub.2 to C.sub.4 thioalkanol. A use of the absorbent solution for selectively removing hydrogen sulphide relative to carbon dioxide from a gaseous mixture containing at least hydrogen sulphide and carbon dioxide, is disclosed. Disclosed is a use of at least one C.sub.2 to C.sub.4 thioalkanol as an additive in an absorbent solution including at least one amine, and water, for increasing the selectivity of the absorbent solution for the removal of hydrogen sulphide relative to carbon dioxide from a gaseous mixture containing at least hydrogen sulphide and carbon dioxide.

A method of producing a fuel additive includes passing a feed stream comprising C4 hydrocarbons through a butadiene extraction unit producing a first process stream; passing the first process stream through a methyl tertiary butyl ether unit producing a second process stream and a methyl tertiary butyl ether product; passing the second process stream through a hydration unit producing the fuel additive and a recycle stream; passing the recycle stream through a hydrogenation unit; and recycling the recycle stream to a steam cracker unit and/or to the feed stream

Disclosed is method for removing carbonyl sulphide and/or carbon disulphide from a sour gas stream. The method comprises subjecting the gas stream to simultaneous contact with an absorption liquid, such as an aqueous amine solution, and with a catalyst suitable for hydrolyzing carbonyl sulphide and/or carbon disulphide. To this end, the invention also provides a reactor system wherein both an absorption liquid and a catalyst are present. In a preferred embodiment, the catalyst is a heterogeneous catalyst present on or in an absorption column, either coated on the trays of a column with trays, or contained in the packing of a packed column.

The present invention relates to a composition for scavenging hydrogen sulphide and/or mercaptans in hydrocarbon streams, the composition comprising an oxazolidine compound and a synergistic additive.

Ancillary embodiments and modifications to a homogenizer unit (“PPH”), and methods of use directed to purification of biogas or other raw methane streams. The apparatus includes a homogenizer body, one or more stream inlets (for the raw methane), one or more chilled water inlets, a mixing zone where the water stream is commingled with the raw methane stream, and a venturi immediately downstream from the mixing zone such that the commingled streams are pulled into the venturi resulting in homogenization. The PPH components are insulated to maintain the chilled water of the various streams at a cooled, below ambient temperature, increasing dissolution of the contaminant gases into the chilled water, and producing a purified methane stream including little or no H.sub.2S and CO.sub.2.