For the shipping industry, these fuels provide solutions to long outstanding technical problems that heretofore hindered supply of low sulfur marine fuels in quantities needed to meet worldwide sulfur reduction goals. Marine shipping use of high sulfur bunker oils is reported as largest source of world-wide transportation SOx emissions. When ships on the open seas burn cheap low grade heavy bunker oils high in sulfur, nitrogen and metals, the SOx, NOx, and metal oxides go to the environment. This invention converts essentially all of each barrel of crude feed to a single ultraclean fuel versus conventional refining where crude feed is cut into many pieces, and each piece is sent down a separate market path meeting various different product specifications. When in port, ships can use these fuels to generate and sell electricity to land based electrical grids to offset fuel cost in an environment-friendly manner.

Disclosed is a process for treating waste plastic materials such as whole tyres, coarsely cut tyres, large plastic pieces, plastic composites such as hoses or combinations of above into gases, liquids and solids by direct heating in a pyrolysis liquid (1) such as molten salt or molten metal. The pyrolysis system is constructed such that the segregation of the light and heavy materials occurs within the pyrolysis chamber. The carbon black is segregated from the pyrolysis vapours via a cyclone and fractions of carbon black may be obtained by installing a number of cyclones in series so that different qualities of carbon black may be produced. Diesel or other oils, steel, carbon black, ZnO and synthesis gas are recovered; all of which can be feed streams to other processes. This process avoids the inefficient procedure of cutting the tyres or other plastic composites into small pieces before treatment by pyrolysis and also recovers valuable components.

Compositions corresponding to marine diesel fuels, fuel oils, jet fuels, and/or blending components thereof are provided that include at least a portion of a natural gas condensate fraction. Natural gas condensate fractions derived from a natural gas condensate with sufficiently low API gravity can provide a source of low sulfur, low pour point blend stock for formation of marine diesel and/or fuel oil fractions. Natural gas condensate fractions can provide these advantages and/or other advantages without requiring prior hydroprocessing and/or cracking.

Compositions corresponding to marine diesel fuels, fuel oils, jet fuels, and/or blending components thereof are provided that include at least a portion of a natural gas condensate fraction. Natural gas condensate fractions derived from a natural gas condensate with sufficiently low API gravity can provide a source of low sulfur, low pour point blend stock for formation of marine diesel and/or fuel oil fractions. Natural gas condensate fractions can provide these advantages and/or other advantages without requiring prior hydroprocessing and/or cracking.

Disulfide oil (DSO) compounds recovered as a by-product of the mercaptan oxidation of a hydrocarbon refinery feedstock and their oxidized derivatives, oxidized disulfide oils (ODSO) are effective as a diluent to lower the viscosity and thereby improve the pipeline transportation properties of heavy oils, and particularly of wellhead crude oil. The use of the DSO and/or ODSO compounds as diluents converts an otherwise extremely low value or waste oil product into a valuable commodity that has utility in improving the transportation properties of heavy oils, particularly in oil field pipeline applications.

The invention relates to a method for accumulating triacylglycerols in microalgae by inhibiting the sterol metabolism, by incubating the microalgae with an inhibitor of sterol metabolism. The invention also relates to a method for producing fatty acids, biofuels, pharmaceutical or cosmetic compositions, and also food supplements, comprising a triacylglycerols accumulation step in microalgae according to the invention. Finally, the invention concerns the use of an inhibitor of sterol metabolism to accumulate triglycerides in microorganisms, and preferably microalgae.

The present invention relates to a process for treating a glycerol solution comprising fatty acid soaps obtained in a biodiesel production process, to obtain a glycerol enriched phase.

Methods, systems, and devices for liquid hydrocarbon fuel production, hydrocarbon chemical production, and aerosol capture are provided. For example, a carbon-oxygen-hydrogen (COH) compound may be heated to a temperature of at least 800 degrees Celsius such that the COH compound reacts through a non-oxidation reaction to generate at least a hydrocarbon compound that may be at least a component of a liquid hydrocarbon fuel or a hydrocarbon chemical. The liquid hydrocarbon fuel may be a liquid when at a temperature of 20 degrees Celsius. The COH compound may include biomass. In some cases, the hydrocarbon compound produced through the non-oxidation reaction includes a hydrocarbon aerosol form as the hydrocarbon compound at least as it is produced or cools. Some embodiments include aerosol capture methods, systems, and devices, which may include passing a hydrocarbon aerosol form through a material in a liquid phase in order to gather the aerosol material.

The present disclosure is related to refining one or more grain oil composition streams (e.g., distillers corn oil or syrup) in a biorefinery to provide one or more refined grain oil products, where each grain oil product has targeted amounts of a free fatty acid component and the fatty acid alkyl ester component.

A hydrate formation promoter and the use thereof in methane storage. The hydrate formation promoter is a mixed aqueous solution including cyclopentane, sodium dodecyl sulfate and water, wherein a volume fraction of the cyclopentane is 5% to 23.4% and a mass fraction of the sodium dodecyl sulfate is 0.01% to 0.08%. The hydrate formation promoter can realize effective and rapid formation of methane hydrate at approximate room temperature (25 C.), and can remain stable at higher temperatures.