The present invention relates to a fluid composition comprising a solid fraction and a liquid organic fraction, wherein said solid fraction and said liquid fraction are present in a state of being intermixed, wherein said solid fraction comprises a lignin component, wherein said liquid fraction comprises an organic substance. Furthermore, the present invention relates to a process for the manufacture of such fluid compositions, to various uses thereof, and to a process for treatment of a lignocellulosic biomass.

The present invention is characterized by comprising: a main unit which incorporates a fuel-inflow port for fuel oil supply, a fuel-discharge port for discharging fuel oil that has finished being refined and a drainage discharge pipe for collecting and discharging untreated fuel oil, and a sludge box for storing sludge that has been separated out from the fuel oil; an ultrasound tank which receives fuel oil supplied from the fuel-inflow port, and adjusts the particle size of the fuel oil and the viscosity and surface tension of the fuel oil by means of ultrasound; a vacuum chamber which receives fuel oil supplied from the ultrasound tank, and of which the inside is maintained in a vacuum state such that the specific volume and the surface area of the fuel oil are maximized via a baffle panel; a water-fraction elimination tank of which one side is connected to the vacuum chamber and the other side is connected to a vacuum pump, and which eliminates the water fraction from the fuel oil by using air heated to a high temperature and the reduced pressure of the vacuum state created due to the vacuum chamber; an oil-refining filter which receives fuel oil supplied from the vacuum chamber and filters the received supply of fuel oil by means of centrifugation so as to trap sludge contained in the fuel oil; an ion chamber which eliminates and bums particles including fine foreign matter remaining in the fuel oil in the state after the sludge has been eliminated; and a control panel which is constituted on one surface of the main unit, sets the operating conditions of the ultrasound tank, vacuum chamber and water-fraction elimination tank, and controls whether to provide power for refining the fuel oil.

Provided are a reusable polymeric material for removing siloxane compounds in biogas, a method for removing siloxane using the same, and an apparatus therefor, and more particularly, a polyacrylate-based polymer absorbent for removing siloxane compounds in biogas and a method for removing siloxane compounds in biogas. The method for removing siloxane compounds in biogas includes (a) providing the biogas, and b) absorbing the siloxane compounds in a polymer absorbent by passing the biogas through the polymer absorbent according to any one of claims 1 to 5.

A fuel made from co-products derived from a lignocellulosic biomass fermentation process is used to fuel a cement production process. Filter cake and syrup co-products are mixed and dried, then burned in a cement kiln to create the temperatures needed for cement production.

An apparatus for handling hot coal is provided, comprising —a cooling structure arranged to receive coal from a process chamber and to cool the coal in an atmosphere impeding ignition; and —a pneumatic conveyor system arranged to move coal by air pressure; wherein the cooling structure is configured to cool the coal to a surface temperature allowing the pneumatic conveyor system to convey the coal across a predetermined distance without the coal igniting.

The present invention relates generally to the generation of bio-products from organic matter feedstocks. More specifically, the present invention relates to the use of pulping liquors in the hydrothermal/thermochemical conversion of lignocellulosic and/or fossilised organic feedstocks into biofuels (e.g. bio-oils) and/or chemical products (e.g. platform chemicals).

A process for the conversion of a cellulose containing feed comprising the steps of: contacting the cellulose containing feed with a molten salt hydrate and mildly hydrolyzing the cellulose to form a solution of partially hydrolized cellulose, separating one or more components of the partially hydrolyzed cellulose from the solution, converting the separated one or more components of the partially hydrolyzed cellulose in a thermo-catalytic process.

A process for the production of charcoal comprising the steps of: a) feeding biomass, in particular wood chips, into a pyrolysis unit, in which the wood chips are pyrolyzed into a full stream comprising solid, liquid and gaseous material, b) feeding the full stream and a gasifying agent into an oxidation unit, wherein the full stream is oxidized at least partially and transported pneumatically, c) feeding the partially oxidized full stream from the oxidation unit into a reduction unit arranged essentially vertically, the material outlet of the oxidation unit being connected to the reduction unit, with the cross-section of the reduction unit increasing as the distance from the material outlet of the oxidation unit increases, the flow rate of the full stream in the reduction unit being adapted to the material of the full stream and to the shape of the flow cross-section of the reduction unit in such a way that a stable fixed bed kept in suspension is formed in the reduction unit, d) removing the raw charcoal from the reduction unit via an overflow, e) separating gaseous components in a hot gas filter and collecting the charcoal, and f) quenching the collected charcoal with water.

A natural gas filter apparatus for preventing mercaptan buildup in appliances includes a filter sidewall coupled to a filter bottom side. The filter sidewall extends perpendicularly from a bottom perimeter of the filter bottom side. A front face of the filter sidewall has an inlet aperture extending therethrough. A back face of the filter sidewall has a drain aperture and an outlet aperture extending therethrough. The inlet aperture receives a gas regulator, the drain aperture receives a drain hose, and the outlet aperture receives a gas hose connected to an appliance. A baffle is coupled to the filter bottom side. The baffle has a front wall extending from the front face of the filter sidewall and a back wall extending from the back face of the filter sidewall between the drain aperture and the outlet aperture. A lid is coupled to the filter sidewall.

Disclosed are a pulverized coal preprocessing method and a pulverized coal gasifying method. The pulverized coal preprocessing method comprises the following steps: (1) performing pore broadening on pulverized coal to obtain preprocessed pulverized coal; (2) loading alkali metal ions into the preprocessed pulverized coal under an ion exchange condition to obtain alkali metal loaded pulverized coal. The method further comprises loading a chrome complex into the alkali metal loaded pulverized coal obtained in described step (2). In gasification, the pulverized coal loaded with alkali metal potassium and chrome catalysts obtained by the method has the advantages of high sulphur removal rate, high carbon conversion rate, short gasifying reaction time and high methane production.