A fluorine-containing ether compound represented by a formula (1) shown below.
R.sup.4—CH.sub.2—R.sup.3—CH.sub.2—R.sup.2—CH.sub.2—R.sup.1—CH.sub.2—R.sup.2—CH.sub.2—R.sup.3—CH.sub.2—R.sup.5  (1) In formula (1), R.sup.1 and R.sup.3 represent the same or different perfluoropolyether chains, R.sup.2 represents a linking group containing at least one polar group, one or both of R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 represent a terminal group containing two or more polar groups, and R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 are different.

The present invention relates to a fluorine-containing ether compound represented by Formula (1),
R.sup.1—R.sup.2—CH.sub.2—R.sup.3—CH.sub.2—R.sup.4  (1).
(In Formula (1), R.sup.1 is an end group including an organic group having at least one double bond or triple bond, R.sup.2 is a divalent linking group bonded to R.sup.1 by etheric oxygen, R.sup.3 is a perfluoropolyether chain, R.sup.4 is an end group having two or three polar groups with each polar group being bonded to different carbon atoms, and the carbon atoms, to which the polar groups are bonded, being bonded to each other via a linking group including carbon atoms to which the polar groups are not bonded.)

The present invention relates to a fluorine-containing ether compound represented by Formula (1),
R.sup.1—R.sup.2—CH.sub.2—R.sup.3—CH.sub.2—R.sup.4  (1).
(In Formula (1), R.sup.1 is an end group including an organic group having at least one double bond or triple bond, R.sup.2 is a divalent linking group bonded to R.sup.1 by etheric oxygen, R.sup.3 is a perfluoropolyether chain, R.sup.4 is an end group having two or three polar groups with each polar group being bonded to different carbon atoms, and the carbon atoms, to which the polar groups are bonded, being bonded to each other via a linking group including carbon atoms to which the polar groups are not bonded.)

The present disclosure describes a strategy to create self-healing, slippery liquid-infused porous surfaces. Roughened (e.g., porous) surfaces can be utilized to lock in place a lubricating fluid, referred to herein as Liquid B to repel a wide range of materials, referred to herein as Object A (Solid A or Liquid A). Slippery liquid-infused porous surfaces outperforms other conventional surfaces in its capability to repel various simple and complex liquids (water, hydrocarbons, crude oil and blood), maintain low-contact-angle hysteresis (<2.5°), quickly restore liquid-repellency after physical damage (within 0.1-1 s), resist ice, microorganisms and insects adhesion, and function at high pressures (up to at least 690 atm). Some exemplary application where slippery liquid-infused porous surfaces will be useful include energy-efficient fluid handling and transportation, optical sensing, medicine, and as self-cleaning, and anti-fouling materials operating in extreme environments.

The present disclosure describes a strategy to create self-healing, slippery liquid-infused porous surfaces. Roughened (e.g., porous) surfaces can be utilized to lock in place a lubricating fluid, referred to herein as Liquid B to repel a wide range of materials, referred to herein as Object A (Solid A or Liquid A). Slippery liquid-infused porous surfaces outperforms other conventional surfaces in its capability to repel various simple and complex liquids (water, hydrocarbons, crude oil and blood), maintain low-contact-angle hysteresis (<2.5°), quickly restore liquid-repellency after physical damage (within 0.1-1 s), resist ice, microorganisms and insects adhesion, and function at high pressures (up to at least 690 atm). Some exemplary application where slippery liquid-infused porous surfaces will be useful include energy-efficient fluid handling and transportation, optical sensing, medicine, and as self-cleaning, and anti-fouling materials operating in extreme environments.

The present invention relates to a composition for lubricating a propulsion system of an electric or hybrid vehicle, comprising at least one base oil and at least one fire retardant corresponding to formula (I)

R.sub.F-L-R.sub.H   (I) in which R.sub.F is a perfluorinated or partially fluorinated group, R.sub.H is a hydrocarbon-based group, and L is a linker.

The invention also relates to the use of at least one fire retardant of formula (I), in a composition for lubricating a propulsion system of an electric or hybrid vehicle, including at least one battery, to give it ignition-resistance properties.

Finally, the invention relates to a process for cooling and fire-protecting a battery of a propulsion system of an electric or hybrid vehicle, comprising at least one step of placing at least one battery, in particular a lithium-ion or nickel-cadmium battery, in contact with a composition according to the invention.

The present invention relates to a composition for cooling a propulsion system of an electric or hybrid vehicle including at least one battery, comprising: (i) at least one base oil or at least one hydrocarbon-based fluid with a boiling point of greater than or equal to 50° C.; (ii) at least one fire retardant corresponding to formula (I)

R.sub.F-L-R.sub.H  (I)

in which R.sub.F is a perfluorinated or partially fluorinated group, R.sub.H is a hydrocarbon-based group, and L is a linker; and (iii) at least one fluoro compound with a boiling point of between 50 and 250° C.

The invention also relates to the use of at least one fluoro compound with a boiling point of between 50° C. and 250° C. for promoting the contact between a fire retardant corresponding to formula (I) and an element of a propulsion system of an electric or hybrid vehicle, when thermal runaway is observed, said fire retardant of formula (I) being formulated in a base oil, or a hydrocarbon-based fluid with a boiling point of greater than or equal to 50° C.

Finally, the invention relates to a process for cooling and fire-protecting at least one battery of a propulsion system of an electric or hybrid vehicle, comprising at least one step of placing at least one battery in contact with a composition according to the invention.

The present invention relates to a composition for cooling a propulsion system of an electric or hybrid vehicle, comprising: (i) at least one base oil, or at least one hydrocarbon-based fluid with a boiling point of greater than or equal to 50° C.; and (ii) at least one fire retardant corresponding to formula (I)

R.sub.F-L-R.sub.H  (I) in which R.sub.F is a perfluorinated or partially fluorinated group, R.sub.H is a hydrocarbon-based group, and L is a linker, said fire retardant of formula (I) being at least partially in an encapsulated form.

The invention also relates to the use of at least one fire retardant of formula (I) which is at least partially in an encapsulated form in a composition for cooling a propulsion system of an electric or hybrid vehicle, including at least one battery, to give it ignition-resistance properties.

Finally, the invention relates to a process for cooling and fire-protecting a battery of a propulsion system of an electric or hybrid vehicle, comprising at least one step of placing at least one battery, in particular a lithium-ion or nickel-cadmium battery, in contact with a composition according to the invention.

This fluorine-containing ether compound is represented by Formula (1).
R.sup.1—R.sup.2—CH.sub.2—R.sup.3—CH.sub.2—R.sup.4—R.sup.5  (1) (in Formula (1), R.sup.1 is an aryl group or an aralkyl group, R.sup.2 is a divalent linking group having 0 or 1 polar group, R.sup.3 is a perfluoropolyether chain, R.sup.4 is a divalent linking group having 2 or 3 polar groups, and R.sup.5 is an aryl group or an aralkyl group.)

This fluorine-containing ether compound is represented by Formula (1).
R.sup.1—R.sup.2—CH.sub.2—R.sup.3—CH.sub.2—R.sup.4—R.sup.5  (1) (in Formula (1), R.sup.1 is an aryl group or an aralkyl group, R.sup.2 is a divalent linking group having 0 or 1 polar group, R.sup.3 is a perfluoropolyether chain, R.sup.4 is a divalent linking group having 2 or 3 polar groups, and R.sup.5 is an aryl group or an aralkyl group.)