A water-soluble metalworking fluid of the invention contains a component (A) that is a dicarboxylic acid including a sulfide structure and a component (B) that is a monocarboxylic acid, in which the fluid contains no polyalkylene glycol. A metalworking coolant of the invention is provided by diluting the above-described water-soluble metalworking fluid with water.

A water-soluble metalworking fluid of the invention contains a component (A) that is a dicarboxylic acid including a sulfide structure and a component (B) that is a monocarboxylic acid, in which the fluid contains no polyalkylene glycol. A metalworking coolant of the invention is provided by diluting the above-described water-soluble metalworking fluid with water.

A composition of an oil-soluble ionic detergent that does not contribute metal ions to the composition, and which comprises a quaternary non-metallic pnictogen cation and an organic anion having at least one hydrocarbyl group of sufficient length to impart oil solubility to the detergent, the detergent having a total base number (TBN) to total acid number (TAN) ratio of at least 2:1 imparts ash-free basicity to a lubricant composition.

A composition of an oil-soluble ionic detergent that does not contribute metal ions to the composition, and which comprises a quaternary non-metallic pnictogen cation and an organic anion having at least one hydrocarbyl group of sufficient length to impart oil solubility to the detergent, the detergent having a total base number (TBN) to total acid number (TAN) ratio of at least 2:1 imparts ash-free basicity to a lubricant composition.

A composition of an oil-soluble ionic detergent that does not contribute metal ions to the composition, and which comprises a quaternary non-metallic pnictogen cation and an organic anion having at least one hydrocarbyl group of sufficient length to impart oil solubility to the detergent, the detergent having a total base number (TBN) to total acid number (TAN) ratio of at least 2:1 imparts ash-free basicity to a lubricant composition.