A water-soluble metalworking oil may include 0.7% by mass or more of 2-phenoxyethanol (A), based on the total water-soluble metalworking oil mass. A content of petroleum sulfonate may be less than 10 parts by mass, based on 100 parts by mass of the 2-phenoxyethanol (A). The 2-phenoxyethanol (A) may be present in a range of from 0.7 to less than 5.0% by mass. The water-soluble metalworking oil may further include: an amine, a fatty acid (C), and/or a nonionic surfactant (D).

The present invention is toward a base oil or lubricant additives, methods of using the same, lubricant compositions including the same, and methods of forming the lubricant compositions. A base oil or lubricant additive has Structure I or Structure II as described herein.

Anaerobic sealant lubricant compositions and uses are disclosed. The anaerobic sealant lubricant compositions cure anaerobically but have lubricity for easy disassembly, making the compositions well suited for fasteners and threaded components.

Anaerobic sealant lubricant compositions and uses are disclosed. The anaerobic sealant lubricant compositions cure anaerobically but have lubricity for easy disassembly, making the compositions well suited for fasteners and threaded components.

The refrigerating machine oil according to the present invention contains a lubricating base oil having a kinematic viscosity at 40° C. of 10 mm.sup.2/s or less, and an oiliness agent containing at least one selected from the group consisting of an ester oiliness agent and an ether oiliness agent.

The refrigerating machine oil according to the present invention contains a lubricating base oil having a kinematic viscosity at 40° C. of 10 mm.sup.2/s or less, and an oiliness agent containing at least one selected from the group consisting of an ester oiliness agent and an ether oiliness agent.

The present invention relates to a selective process for preparing acetals or ethers. In particular, the process involves a selective catalytic hydrogenolysis of a trihydrocarbyl orthoesterso as to control the extent of dealcoholation to afford either the corresponding acetal or ether product. Ether products preparable by means of the present invention include ethers which are suitable for use as base stocks in lubricating compositions.

The present invention relates to a selective process for preparing acetals or ethers. In particular, the process involves a selective catalytic hydrogenolysis of a trihydrocarbyl orthoesterso as to control the extent of dealcoholation to afford either the corresponding acetal or ether product. Ether products preparable by means of the present invention include ethers which are suitable for use as base stocks in lubricating compositions.

Compositions for decreasing friction may comprise an optional carrier fluid, and one or more reaction products. The one or more reaction products may be formable from Component 1 and Component 2; and an acid and water combined therewith after one or more initial reaction products have formed. A, B and D are independently branched or unbranched, cyclic or acyclic, substituted or unsubstituted, saturated or unsaturated C.sub.1-C.sub.100 hydrocarbyl groups. Z is a nucleophilic group selected from OH, SH and NH.sub.2, and X is a leaving group. Downhole methods may comprise introducing a wellbore fluid comprising the reaction product(s) into a subterranean formation.

The present invention provides a co-surfactant which, when used in combination with a surfactant, can reduce the size of the surfactant micelle and can enhance the functions of the surfactant, such as the expression of microemulsion formation performance. This co-surfactant contains at least one compound represented by chemical formula (1).

##STR00001##

(In the formula, R.sup.1 is a hydrogen atom or a C.sub.1-C.sub.33 aliphatic hydrocarbon group, R.sup.2 is a C.sub.1-C.sub.33 aliphatic hydrocarbon group, the total number of carbons of R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 is 6-34, X is a single bond or a C.sub.1-C.sub.5 aliphatic hydrocarbon group, and one of A.sup.1 and A.sup.2 is —OH and the other is —O—CH.sub.2—CH(OH)—CH.sub.2OH or —O—CH(—CH.sub.2—OH).sub.2.)