The present technology is related to amide or ester containing quaternary ammonium salts having a hydrocarbyl substituent of number average molecular weight less 300, and additive packages having such quaternary ammonium salts and improved stability.

The present invention provides a lubricating oil composition comprising: a lubricating base oil; 1.0% by mass or more and 15.0% by mass or less of a dispersant poly(meth)acrylate compound having the weight average molecular weight of 20000 or more and 200000 or less; 0.05% by mass or more and 6.0% by mass or less of a thiadiazole compound; 1.5% by mass or more and 4.0% by mass or less of a polysulfide compound; and 0.2% by mass or more and 1.5% by mass or less of a friction modifier, based on the total amount of the lubricating oil composition, wherein the mass ratio of the polysulfide compound content to the thiadiazole compound content (polysulfide compound/thiadiazole compound) is 0.4 or more and 50 or less, and the kinematic viscosity at 100 C. of the lubricating oil composition is 7.0 mm.sup.2/s or more and 35.0 mm.sup.2/s or less.

The present invention provides a lubricating oil composition comprising: a lubricating base oil; 1.0% by mass or more and 15.0% by mass or less of a dispersant poly(meth)acrylate compound having the weight average molecular weight of 20000 or more and 200000 or less; 0.05% by mass or more and 6.0% by mass or less of a thiadiazole compound; 1.5% by mass or more and 4.0% by mass or less of a polysulfide compound; and 0.2% by mass or more and 1.5% by mass or less of a friction modifier, based on the total amount of the lubricating oil composition, wherein the mass ratio of the polysulfide compound content to the thiadiazole compound content (polysulfide compound/thiadiazole compound) is 0.4 or more and 50 or less, and the kinematic viscosity at 100 C. of the lubricating oil composition is 7.0 mm.sup.2/s or more and 35.0 mm.sup.2/s or less.

The invention provides a lubricating composition containing an antiwear agent and an oil of lubricating viscosity. The invention further relates to the use of the lubricating composition in an internal combustion engine, or a driveline device.

The invention provides a lubricating composition containing an antiwear agent and an oil of lubricating viscosity. The invention further relates to the use of the lubricating composition in an internal combustion engine, or a driveline device.

A lubricating composition is provided comprising: (i) a base oil; and (ii) a volatility reducing additive; wherein the composition has a kinematic viscosity at 100 C. (according to ASTM D445) of 16.3 mm.sup.2/s or less, a low temperature cranking viscosity of at most 6200 cP at 35 C. (ASTM D5293) and a NOACK volatility of at most 15% according to ASTM D5800B.

A lubricating composition is provided comprising: (i) a base oil; and (ii) a volatility reducing additive; wherein the composition has a kinematic viscosity at 100 C. (according to ASTM D445) of 16.3 mm.sup.2/s or less, a low temperature cranking viscosity of at most 6200 cP at 35 C. (ASTM D5293) and a NOACK volatility of at most 15% according to ASTM D5800B.

A metalworking fluid includes a pH buffer system having one or more organic acids and one or more organic amines. The organic acids, which include aromatic carboxylic acids and C.sub.10 or higher aliphatic carboxylic acids, may replace boric acid, such that boric acid may be excluded from the metalworking fluid. The organic acids may include at least one of phthalic acid, isophthalic acid, and terephthalic acid. The one or more organic amines include aliphatic and aromatic amines having an amine value of at least 50 mg KOH/g. A method of using the metalworking fluid includes shaping a metal by contacting the metal surface with a tool while cooling and lubricating at least one of the metal surface or tool with the metalworking fluid.

A metalworking fluid includes a pH buffer system having one or more organic acids and one or more organic amines. The organic acids, which include aromatic carboxylic acids and C.sub.10 or higher aliphatic carboxylic acids, may replace boric acid, such that boric acid may be excluded from the metalworking fluid. The organic acids may include at least one of phthalic acid, isophthalic acid, and terephthalic acid. The one or more organic amines include aliphatic and aromatic amines having an amine value of at least 50 mg KOH/g. A method of using the metalworking fluid includes shaping a metal by contacting the metal surface with a tool while cooling and lubricating at least one of the metal surface or tool with the metalworking fluid.

A lubricating oil comprises a base oil; and an anti-degradation additive comprising microcapsules, nanocapsules, or a combination comprising at least one of the foregoing; the microcapsules and the nanocapsules each independently having a core of a neutralizing material and a polymeric encapsulant configured to release the neutralizing material in an acidic environment by breaking crosslinks or hydrogen bonds in the polymeric encapsulant. The released neutralizing material can prevent the formation of viscous, high molecular weight molecules thus enhancing the lifetime of the lubricating oil and improving its reliability.