The addition of mixed thio acid amide molybdenum dithiocarbamates to lubricant compositions comprising magnesium detergents and/or overbased magnesium detergents, e.g., overbased magnesium sulfonate, provides lubricant compositions that suppress Low Speed Pre-Ignition and possess excellent low friction characteristics. Furthermore, the addition of molybdenum based friction reducing additives, e.g., mixed thio acid amide molybdenum dithiocarbamates, in combination with one or more fatty acid 2-hydroxyalkylamides, to lubricant compositions comprising magnesium detergents or overbased magnesium detergents provides lubricant compositions that suppress Low Speed Pre-ignition and possess excellent low friction characteristics.

A sulfonate composition obtainable by a process in which a naphthalene ring-containing sulfonic acid is reacted with an amine in the presence of a base oil at a temperature in the range of from 20-80 C. The molar ratio of the sulfonic acid to the amide is in the range of from 0.2-3 (S/A). The invention also provides a preservative composition comprising the present sulfonate composition; a metal article having a coating thereon which coating comprises the present preservative composition; a process for preparing the sulfonate composition; the use of the present sulfonate composition to prevent and/or reduce corrosion in a roll bearing system; and the use of the present preservative composition to prevent and/or reduce corrosion in a roll bearing system.

The invention relates to the use of specific quaternised nitrogen compounds which are also subjected to specific transesterification or amidation, as a fuel and lubricant additive or kerosene additive, such as in particular as a detergent additive, for decreasing or preventing deposits in the injection systems of direct-injection diesel engines, in particular in common rail injection systems, for decreasing the fuel consumption of direct-injection diesel engines, in particular of diesel engines having common rail injection systems, and for minimizing the power loss in direct-injection diesel engines, in particular in diesel engines having common rail injection systems. The invention further relates to the use as an additive for petrol, in particular for operation of DISI engines.

The invention relates to the use of specific quaternised nitrogen compounds which are also subjected to specific transesterification or amidation, as a fuel and lubricant additive or kerosene additive, such as in particular as a detergent additive, for decreasing or preventing deposits in the injection systems of direct-injection diesel engines, in particular in common rail injection systems, for decreasing the fuel consumption of direct-injection diesel engines, in particular of diesel engines having common rail injection systems, and for minimizing the power loss in direct-injection diesel engines, in particular in diesel engines having common rail injection systems. The invention further relates to the use as an additive for petrol, in particular for operation of DISI engines.

A method for improving wear control of a steel surface lubricated with a lubricating oil through the generation of thick tribofilms. The method includes: (i) using as the lubricating oil a formulated oil, the formulated oil having a composition comprising at least one lubricating oil base stock as a major component; and at least one lubricating oil additive, as a minor component; and (ii) forming a tribofilm on the steel surface. In time-step tribofilm formation measurements of the lubricating oil by a mini-traction machine (MTM) at constant slide-to-roll ratio (SRR), the saturation traction coefficient (f.sub.s), which correlates to tribofilm thickness on the steel surface, is greater than about 0.11. In the method of this disclosure, elongation of timing chain due to wear of chain link pins is less than about 0.07%, as determined by Ford Chain Wear (FCW) test conducted in accordance with ILSAC GF-6 specification. The lubricating oils are useful in internal combustion engines.

A method for improving wear control of a steel surface lubricated with a lubricating oil through the generation of thick tribofilms. The method includes: (i) using as the lubricating oil a formulated oil, the formulated oil having a composition comprising at least one lubricating oil base stock as a major component; and at least one lubricating oil additive, as a minor component; and (ii) forming a tribofilm on the steel surface. In time-step tribofilm formation measurements of the lubricating oil by a mini-traction machine (MTM) at constant slide-to-roll ratio (SRR), the saturation traction coefficient (f.sub.s), which correlates to tribofilm thickness on the steel surface, is greater than about 0.11. In the method of this disclosure, elongation of timing chain due to wear of chain link pins is less than about 0.07%, as determined by Ford Chain Wear (FCW) test conducted in accordance with ILSAC GF-6 specification. The lubricating oils are useful in internal combustion engines.

The invention provides a lubricating composition containing an antiwear agent and an oil of lubricating viscosity. The invention further relates to the use of the lubricating composition in an internal combustion engine, or a driveline device.

The invention provides a lubricating composition containing an antiwear agent and an oil of lubricating viscosity. The invention further relates to the use of the lubricating composition in an internal combustion engine, or a driveline device.

The disclosed technology relates to lubricants for compression ignition internal combustion engines, particularly those demonstrating at least one of improved seals performance, reduced deposit formation, and excellent durability. The present invention provides a low zinc lubricating composition comprising (a) an oil of lubricating viscosity, (b) a borated dispersant, and (c) a metal-free organo-phosphorus anti-wear additive, wherein the lubricating composition is substantially free of a metal containing sulfur coupled alkyl phenol compound. Further, the low zinc lubricating composition contains zinc in an amount less than 600 ppm by weight of the composition.

The disclosed technology relates to lubricants for compression ignition internal combustion engines, particularly those demonstrating at least one of improved seals performance, reduced deposit formation, and excellent durability. The present invention provides a low zinc lubricating composition comprising (a) an oil of lubricating viscosity, (b) a borated dispersant, and (c) a metal-free organo-phosphorus anti-wear additive, wherein the lubricating composition is substantially free of a metal containing sulfur coupled alkyl phenol compound. Further, the low zinc lubricating composition contains zinc in an amount less than 600 ppm by weight of the composition.