The present disclosure relates to surfactants formed from sulfonation of aromatic ethers. The example surfactant composition may include a sulfonated aromatic ether. The sulfonated aromatic ether may include an aromatic ring with substituents comprising an ether group and a sulfonic acid group or a salt of the sulfonic acid group. The ether group may be represented by the following formula:

##STR00001##

wherein R.sub.1 is a linear or branched alkyl group having from 1 carbon atom to 20 carbon atoms; wherein each R.sub.2 is individually a hydrogen or an alkyl group having from 1 carbon atom to 4 carbon atoms; and wherein n is a value from 0 to 8.

The present disclosure relates to surfactants formed from sulfonation of aromatic ethers. The example surfactant composition may include a sulfonated aromatic ether. The sulfonated aromatic ether may include an aromatic ring with substituents comprising an ether group and a sulfonic acid group or a salt of the sulfonic acid group. The ether group may be represented by the following formula:

##STR00001##

wherein R.sub.1 is a linear or branched alkyl group having from 1 carbon atom to 20 carbon atoms; wherein each R.sub.2 is individually a hydrogen or an alkyl group having from 1 carbon atom to 4 carbon atoms; and wherein n is a value from 0 to 8.

A sulfonate composition obtainable by a process in which a naphthalene ring-containing sulfonic acid is reacted with an amine in the presence of a base oil at a temperature in the range of from 20-80 C. The molar ratio of the sulfonic acid to the amide is in the range of from 0.2-3 (S/A). The invention also provides a preservative composition comprising the present sulfonate composition; a metal article having a coating thereon which coating comprises the present preservative composition; a process for preparing the sulfonate composition; the use of the present sulfonate composition to prevent and/or reduce corrosion in a roll bearing system; and the use of the present preservative composition to prevent and/or reduce corrosion in a roll bearing system.

A transmission fluid composition contains a major amount of a lubricating oil basestock, and a minor amount of an additive package comprising: (i) a mixture comprising two or more phosphites and/or phosphates; (ii) one or more thioester compounds; (iii) one or more zinc dihydrocarbyl dithiophosphate compounds; and (iv) one or more oil-soluble or dispersible molybdenum-containing compounds. Such a transmission fluid may be used for controlling and/or reducing wear, e.g., in a manual transmission.

A transmission fluid composition contains a major amount of a lubricating oil basestock, and a minor amount of an additive package comprising: (i) a mixture comprising two or more phosphites and/or phosphates; (ii) one or more thioester compounds; (iii) one or more zinc dihydrocarbyl dithiophosphate compounds; and (iv) one or more oil-soluble or dispersible molybdenum-containing compounds. Such a transmission fluid may be used for controlling and/or reducing wear, e.g., in a manual transmission.

A crankcase lubricating oil composition for the crankcase of a spark-ignited or compression-ignited internal combustion engine, comprising a magnesium-containing detergent, in an amount sufficient to provide from 200-4000 ppm magnesium to the lubricating oil composition, in combination with an oil-soluble or oil-dispersible molybdenum compound in an amount sufficient to provide from 600-1500 ppm molybdenum atoms to the lubricating oil composition, and with an oil-soluble or oil-dispersible boron-containing compound in an amount sufficient to provide from 200-600 ppm boron atoms to the lubricating oil composition to improve the friction and fuel economy performance.

A crankcase lubricating oil composition for the crankcase of a spark-ignited or compression-ignited internal combustion engine, comprising a magnesium-containing detergent, in an amount sufficient to provide from 200-4000 ppm magnesium to the lubricating oil composition, in combination with an oil-soluble or oil-dispersible molybdenum compound in an amount sufficient to provide from 600-1500 ppm molybdenum atoms to the lubricating oil composition, and with an oil-soluble or oil-dispersible boron-containing compound in an amount sufficient to provide from 200-600 ppm boron atoms to the lubricating oil composition to improve the friction and fuel economy performance.

The invention provides a lubricating composition containing an oil of lubricating viscosity, an ashless thiocarbamate compound having an optionally-substituted hydrocarbyl group on an S-atom and an optionally-substituted hydrocarbyl group on an N-atom, and a boron-containing compound. The invention further relates to a method of lubricating an internal combustion engine with the lubricating composition.

The invention provides a lubricating composition containing an oil of lubricating viscosity, an ashless thiocarbamate compound having an optionally-substituted hydrocarbyl group on an S-atom and an optionally-substituted hydrocarbyl group on an N-atom, and a boron-containing compound. The invention further relates to a method of lubricating an internal combustion engine with the lubricating composition.

A method for improving wear control, while maintaining or improving solubility and fuel efficiency, in an engine or other mechanical component lubricated with a lubricating oil by using as the lubricating oil a formulated oil. The formulated oil has a composition including a lubricating oil base stock as a major component; and at least one metal salt of a carboxylic acid, as a minor component; wherein the metal salt of the carboxylic acid contains no sulfur or phosphorus; wherein the metal is selected from the group consisting of palladium (Pd), silver (Ag), gold (Au), zinc (Zn), and mixtures thereof; wherein the carboxylic acid is selected from the group consisting of an aliphatic carboxylic acid, a cycloaliphatic carboxylic acid, an aromatic carboxylic acid, and mixtures thereof; wherein the molar ratio of (zinc+palladium+silver+gold)/phosphorus of said formulated oil is greater than 1.0. The lubricating oils are useful in internal combustion engines.