A process for preparing guanidino-functional, free radically polymerizable compounds comprises (a) combining (1) an amine compound comprising (i) at least one primary aliphatic amino group and (ii) at least one secondary aliphatic amino group, primary aromatic amino group, or secondary aromatic amino group, and (2) a guanylating agent; (b) allowing or inducing reaction of the amine compound and the guanylating agent to form a guanylated amine compound; (c) combining (1) the guanylated amine compound, and (2) a reactive monomer comprising (i) at least one ethylenically unsaturated group and (ii) at least one group that is reactive with an amino group; and (d) allowing or inducing reaction of the guanylated amine compound and the reactive monomer to form a guanidino-functional, free radically polymerizable compound.

The present invention provides a multiple function dispersant viscosity index improver, a method of making the multiple function dispersant viscosity index improver, and a lubricating oil comprising the multiple function dispersant viscosity index improver. The multiple function dispersant viscosity index improver comprises two different functional groups, each directly grafted to a polymer backbone having graftable sites. The first functional group comprises the reaction product of an acylating agent and a first amine, the first amine comprising an aromatic primary amine, and the second functional group comprises the reaction product of an acylating agent and a second amine, the second amine comprising an aliphatic primary amine. The first functional group provides the dispersant viscosity index improver with soot handling performance attributes and the second functional group provides the dispersant viscosity index improver with sludge and varnish control performance attributes.

A lubricant composition having improved non-Newtonian viscometrics includes at least 85 weight percent of a base oil and 1 to 15 weight percent of a lubricant additive. The additive itself includes 10 to 80 weight percent of a diluent oil and 30 to 80 weight percent of a random co-polymeric viscosity index improver. The viscosity index improver is the free-radical polymerization product of at least 5 to 15 weight percent methyl methacrylate and 5 to 95 weight percent of a C.sub.8-C.sub.10 alkyl (meth)acrylate. The additive is formed using a method that includes the step of providing the diluent oil, the methyl methacrylate, the C.sub.8-C.sub.10 alkyl (meth)acrylate, and a free-radical initiator. The method also includes the steps of flowing the diluent oil into a reactor, flowing the methyl methacrylate and the C.sub.8-C.sub.10 alkyl (meth)acrylate into the reactor independently from the free-radical initiator, and flowing the free-radical initiator into the reactor.

A lubricant composition having improved non-Newtonian viscometrics includes at least 85 weight percent of a base oil and 1 to 15 weight percent of a lubricant additive. The additive itself includes 10 to 80 weight percent of a diluent oil and 30 to 80 weight percent of a random co-polymeric viscosity index improver. The viscosity index improver is the free-radical polymerization product of at least 5 to 15 weight percent methyl methacrylate and 5 to 95 weight percent of a C.sub.8-C.sub.10 alkyl (meth)acrylate. The additive is formed using a method that includes the step of providing the diluent oil, the methyl methacrylate, the C.sub.8-C.sub.10 alkyl (meth)acrylate, and a free-radical initiator. The method also includes the steps of flowing the diluent oil into a reactor, flowing the methyl methacrylate and the C.sub.8-C.sub.10 alkyl (meth)acrylate into the reactor independently from the free-radical initiator, and flowing the free-radical initiator into the reactor.

This invention relates to a lubricating oil composition comprising: at least 50 mass % or more of one or more base oils; detergent; and 0.01 to 20 mass % of a functionalized polymer comprising a partially or fully saturated olefin homopolymer or copolymer backbone and at least one functional group, having: i) an Mn of 10,000 g/mol or more (GPC-PS) of the polymer prior to functionalization, ii) where in the functional group is derived from an acylating agent and a compound containing amino and/or hydroxyl groups, and iii) optionally, wherein the homopolymer or copolymer backbone is derived from monomers selected from the group consisting of C.sub.2 to C.sub.30 (such as linear) alpha olefins and C.sub.4 to C.sub.20 conjugated dienes; where PIBSA-PAM having an Mn of 1,600 g/mol or more (GPC-PS) is absent or substantially absent from the lubricating oil composition, or, if present, is present in an amount such that the weight ratio of the functionalized polymer (B) to the high molecular weight PIBSA-PAM is at least 0.25:1.

The present invention aims to provide a viscosity index improver excellent in shear stability and having a low HTHS viscosity and a high viscosity index. The viscosity index improver of the present invention contains a (co)polymer (A) containing a polyolefin-based monomer as an essential monomer unit, and a base oil, wherein the absolute value of difference in solubility parameter between the (co)polymer (A) and the base oil is 0.8 to 2.0 (cal/cm.sup.3).sup.1/2.

The present invention aims to provide a viscosity index improver excellent in shear stability and having a low HTHS viscosity and a high viscosity index. The viscosity index improver of the present invention contains a (co)polymer (A) containing a polyolefin-based monomer as an essential monomer unit, and a base oil, wherein the absolute value of difference in solubility parameter between the (co)polymer (A) and the base oil is 0.8 to 2.0 (cal/cm.sup.3).sup.1/2.

Lubricating oil compositions are disclosed that are suitable for use in all engine types and that provide a reduced Average Friction/Traction coefficient in use, with attendant improvement in fuel economy performance, especially retained fuel economy performance. The disclosed compositions are also advantageous in that molybdenum-based friction modifying ingredients previously considered crucial to reducing friction from metal-metal contact and high molecular weight PIBSA-PAM dispersants can be omitted or used at lower treat rates without impairing friction-reducing or fuel economy performance.

Lubricating oil compositions are disclosed that are suitable for use in all engine types and that provide a reduced Average Friction/Traction coefficient in use, with attendant improvement in fuel economy performance, especially retained fuel economy performance. The disclosed compositions are also advantageous in that molybdenum-based friction modifying ingredients previously considered crucial to reducing friction from metal-metal contact and high molecular weight PIBSA-PAM dispersants can be omitted or used at lower treat rates without impairing friction-reducing or fuel economy performance.

A method for manufacturing a medical device including a base layer and a surface lubricating layer supported on at least a part of the base layer includes preparing a coating liquid including i) a block copolymer having a structural unit (A) derived from a reactive monomer having an epoxy group and a structural unit (B) derived from a hydrophilic monomer, ii) at least one polymer material selected from polyvinyl chloride and polyurethane, and iii) a solvent, and applying the coating liquid onto the base layer.