One or more embodiments presently described are directed to lubricants and methods for making such lubricants. According to one embodiment, a lubricant suitable for use in a water-based drilling fluid may comprise one or more alkyl esters and a fatty acid blend comprising at least palmitic acid and stearic acid. The sum of the weight percent of the palmitic acid and stearic acid may be at least 50 wt. % of the fatty acid blend. The weight ratio of the one or more alkyl esters to the fatty acid blend may be from 1:1 to 3:1. The molar ratio of palmitic acid to stearic acid may be from 20:80 to 40:60.

One or more embodiments presently described are directed to lubricants and methods for making such lubricants. According to one embodiment, a lubricant suitable for use in a water-based drilling fluid may comprise one or more alkyl esters and a fatty acid blend comprising at least palmitic acid and stearic acid. The sum of the weight percent of the palmitic acid and stearic acid may be at least 50 wt. % of the fatty acid blend. The weight ratio of the one or more alkyl esters to the fatty acid blend may be from 1:1 to 3:1. The molar ratio of palmitic acid to stearic acid may be from 20:80 to 40:60.

A fabrication fluid composition, such as a metal cutting fluid concentrate, contains water, a first surfactant which is an anionic surfactant, a second surfactant which is an amphoteric surfactant, a third surfactant which is selected from an anionic surfactant and an amphoteric surfactant, the third surfactant being different from the first and second surfactants, and water, along with at least one of an anti-rust agent, a coloring agent, and a de-foaming agent. The concentrate may be combined with water to provide a fabrication fluid such as a metal cutting fluid composition that may be applied to a piece of metal being cut for a time and in an amount effective to dissipate heat from the metal being cut.

Natural liquid potassium soap compositions and methods of manufacturing and using the same are provided with thickening by the addition of chloride salts, such as sodium chloride and potassium chloride. The natural liquid potassium soap compositions may contain one or more fatty acids with carbon length ranging from four (C4) to twenty-two (C22) or natural fatty acid mixtures with coconut oil, olive oil, tallow, sunflower oil, safflower oil, and/or tall oil fatty acids which are saponified with lye. The saponification lye is preferably potassium hydroxide. Preferred embodiments contain potassium salts of fatty acids comprising at least oleic acid (C18:1 cis-9), olive oils, coconut oils or mixtures thereof. The chloride salt is added in either solid or liquid form following saponification and neutralization.

A polyamide resin molded body is formed by a resin composition having a (B) fluorine series resin within a range from 1 to 15 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of a (A) polyamide resin. In the resin composition, the number average particle diameter of the fluorine series resin dispersed in the polyamide resin is 0.8 m or less. The resin composition includes particles of the (B) fluorine series resin having particle diameters of 0.8 m or greater. The percentage of particles having particle diameters of 0.8 m or greater which are secondary particles while maintaining the form of primary particles is 60% or greater, and/or the degree of crystallinity of the dispersed (B) fluorine series resin is 42 J/g or greater.

A polyamide resin molded body is formed by a resin composition having a (B) fluorine series resin within a range from 1 to 15 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of a (A) polyamide resin. In the resin composition, the number average particle diameter of the fluorine series resin dispersed in the polyamide resin is 0.8 m or less. The resin composition includes particles of the (B) fluorine series resin having particle diameters of 0.8 m or greater. The percentage of particles having particle diameters of 0.8 m or greater which are secondary particles while maintaining the form of primary particles is 60% or greater, and/or the degree of crystallinity of the dispersed (B) fluorine series resin is 42 J/g or greater.

An industrial lubricant composition including an oil base selected from the group consisting of vegetable oil, Group I, Group II, Group III, Group IV, Group V and combinations thereof and a phosphorus-based non-chlorine additive. The industrial lubricant also includes at least one intercalation compound of a metal chalcogenide, a carbon containing compound and a boron containing compound, wherein the intercalation compound may have a geometry that is a platelet shaped geometry, a spherical shaped geometry, a multi-layered fullerene-like geometry, a tubular-like geometry or a combination thereof.

An industrial lubricant composition including an oil base selected from the group consisting of vegetable oil, Group I, Group II, Group III, Group IV, Group V and combinations thereof and a phosphorus-based non-chlorine additive. The industrial lubricant also includes at least one intercalation compound of a metal chalcogenide, a carbon containing compound and a boron containing compound, wherein the intercalation compound may have a geometry that is a platelet shaped geometry, a spherical shaped geometry, a multi-layered fullerene-like geometry, a tubular-like geometry or a combination thereof.

The disclosure provides for a valve including a surface movably engaged with another surface. A coating is on the surface and is characterized by: a CoF of less than 0.1; a hardness in excess of 1,200 HVN; impermeability to liquids at pressures ranging from 15 and 20,000 psi; a surface finish of 63 or less; and a thickness ranging from 0.5 to 20 mils. The disclosure provides for material constructions including a continuous phase, including a transition metal, and a discontinuous phase, including a solid dry lubricant. The disclosure also provides for a method of depositing a coating that includes depositing a first layer of a coating onto a surface using electroplating, electroless plating, thermal spraying, or cladding, and then depositing a second layer of the coating onto a surface of the first layer using sputtering, ion beam, plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition, cathodic arc, or chemical vapor deposition.

A machining process includes providing a cutting tool having a rake face and a flank face; bringing the cutting tool into contact with a metal alloy work piece to form a chip by penetrating the cutting tool into the workpiece; and introducing a nanofluid into a vicinity of the penetration to remove heat and, in some instances, customize the finished surface. The nanofluid includes a mixture of a cryo-liquid and nanoparticles having a maximum size of approximately 0.1 nanometers to approximately 100 nanometers.