Disclosed is a method using a lubricating composition including at least one base oil and at least one organomolybdenum compound chosen from among molybdenum dithiophosphate compounds for preventing or reducing pre-ignition in an engine, preferably in a motor vehicle.

Disclosed is a method using a lubricating composition including at least one base oil and at least one organomolybdenum compound chosen from among molybdenum dithiophosphate compounds for preventing or reducing pre-ignition in an engine, preferably in a motor vehicle.

Disclosed is a lubricating composition including at least one base oil and at least one organomolybdenum compound selected from the molybdenum dithiophosphate compounds or the sulphur-free molybdenum complexes, for preventing or reducing pre-ignition in an engine, preferably in a vehicle engine.

Disclosed is a lubricating composition including at least one base oil and at least one organomolybdenum compound selected from the molybdenum dithiophosphate compounds or the sulphur-free molybdenum complexes, for preventing or reducing pre-ignition in an engine, preferably in a vehicle engine.

An auxiliary lubricant comprising a composition, the comprising intermediate molecular weight surfactant-functionalized nanoparticles dispersed in a base oil.

The invention discloses synergistic combinations of surfactant blends and cleaning compositions employing the same. In certain embodiments a surfactant system is disclosed which includes an extended anionic surfactant with novel linker surfactants including one or more of an alkyl glycerol ether, an ethoxylated alkyl glycerol ether, an alcohol ethoxylate and/or a Gemini surfactant. This system forms emulsions with, and can remove greasy and oily stains, even those comprised of non-trans fats. The compositions may be used alone, as a pre-spotter or other pre-treatment or as a part of a soft surface or hard surface cleaning composition.

Disclosed are processes for forming an oligomer product by contacting a feedstock olefin containing trisubstituted olefins with a solid acid catalyst. The oligomer product can be formed at an oligomerization temperature in a range from 20 C. to 40 C. Polyalphaolefins produced from the oligomer product can have reduced viscosities at low temperatures.

The present invention relates to the biosynthesis of -olefins. In particular, the invention provides methods for the production of medium-chain -olefins, more particularly C.sub.11 -olefins, using a polypeptide with decarboxylase activity on free fatty acids with 8 to 14 carbons, in particular on C.sub.8-C1.sub.2 free fatty acids, more particularly on C.sub.12 free fatty acids, or a genetically engineered host cell expressing or overexpressing said polypeptide.

Disclosed are the use of fluorine substituted olefins, including tetra- and penta-fluoropropenes, in a variety of applications, including in methods of depositing catalyst on a solid support, methods of sterilizing articles, cleaning methods and compositions, methods of applying medicaments, fire extinguishing/suppression compositions and methods, flavor formulations, fragrance formulations and inflating agents.

An electrical discharge machining oil composition of the invention includes an organic acid metal salt and a base oil, in which the organic acid metal salt is an organic acid salt of a metal having an electronegativity on Pauling scale of 2 or less, and the present composition has a volume resistivity at 80 degrees C. of 2?10.sup.?5 T?.Math.m or more and a kinematic viscosity at 40 degrees C. in a range from 0.5 mm.sup.2/s to 10 mm.sup.2/s.