An enhanced hydraulic fluid comprises a conventional hydraulic fluid in combination with a predetermined amount of benzene by volume relative to the conventional hydraulic fluid. The predetermined amount of benzene preferably comprises between about 1.0% to about 20.0% benzene by volume, more preferably between about 1.5% to about 10.0% benzene by volume, and most preferably between about 2.0% to about 5.0% benzene by volume. The conventional hydraulic fluid may comprise electronics coolant liquids and oils. Conventional hydraulic fluids that may be mixed with benzene in the volumes described above include, but are not limited to, FLUORINERTS that include FC-43 and FC-70, including any perfluorinated, partially fluorinated, or partially chlorinated alkane with between about 3 to about 18 carbon atoms; mineral oils that include CAPELLA brand mineral oil; esther oils (synthetic or natural) that include formidals, and MIDEL brand esther oils.

A lubricant, which includes an ionic liquid including a conjugate base and a conjugate acid, wherein the conjugate acid has a group including a straight-chain hydrocarbon group having 6 or more carbon atoms, a pKa of an acid that is a source of the conjugate base in acetonitrile is 10 or less, and solubility of the ionic liquid to CF.sub.3(CHF).sub.2CF.sub.2CF.sub.3 is 0.1 parts by mass relative to 100 parts by mass of CF.sub.3(CHF).sub.2CF.sub.2CF.sub.3.

Liquid compositions for use in compression refrigeration, air-conditioning and heat pump systems in which a fluoroalkene containing from 3 to 4 carbon atoms and at least 1 but no more than 2 double bonds is combined with an effective amount to provide lubrication of an essentially miscible organic lubricant comprised of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen and having a ratio of oxygen to carbon effective to provide a degree of miscibility with said fluoroalkene so that when up to five weight percent of lubricant is added to said fluoroalkene the refrigerant has one liquid phase at at least one temperature between 40 and +70 C. Methods for producing refrigeration and heating with the fluoroalkenes, alone or in combination with the disclosed lubricants, are also disclosed.

Briefly described, embodiments of this disclosure include articles and methods of making articles.

Liquid compositions for use in compression refrigeration, air-conditioning and heat pump systems in which a fluoroalkene containing from 3 to 4 carbon atoms and at least 1 but no more than 2 double bonds is combined with an effective amount to provide lubrication of an essentially miscible organic lubricant comprised of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen and having a ratio of oxygen to carbon effective to provide a degree of miscibility with said fluoroalkene so that when up to five weight percent of lubricant is added to said fluoroalkene the refrigerant has one liquid phase at least one temperature between 40 and +70 C. Methods for producing refrigeration and heating with the fluoroalkenes, alone or in combination with the disclosed lubricants, are also disclosed.

Briefly described, embodiments of this disclosure include articles and methods of making articles.

A robust and self-healing coating has been developed by incorporating a thermally self-healing chemical coating on smooth and/or roughened solid. When the chemically coated solid is combined with a lubricating fluid, the material system is capable to repel a broad range of liquids and solids. The thermally self-healing chemical coating may be applied on various industrial metals, glass and plastics, and has shown exceptionally physical and chemical robustness as compared to state-of-the-art liquid-repellent coatings.

Liquid compositions for use in compression refrigeration, air-conditioning and heat pump systems in which a fluoroalkene containing from 3 to 4 carbon atoms and at least 1 but no more than 2 double bonds is combined with an effective amount to provide lubrication of an essentially miscible organic lubricant comprised of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen and having a ratio of oxygen to carbon effective to provide a degree of miscibility with said fluoroalkene so that when up to five weight percent of lubricant is added to said fluoroalkene the refrigerant has one liquid phase at at least one temperature between 40 and +70 C. Methods for producing refrigeration and heating with the fluoroalkenes, alone or in combination with the disclosed lubricants, are also disclosed.

Briefly described, embodiments of this disclosure include articles and methods of making articles.

A lubricant for magnetic media according to general formula (I):

Rv.sup.1-Rb.sup.1-Re.sup.1-Rc-Re.sup.2-Rb.sup.2-Rv.sup.2(I); where Rc is an optionally non-fluorinated divalent linking segment comprising a first at least one anchoring functional group engageable with a protective overcoat of a magnetic recording medium; where each Re.sup.1 and Re.sup.2 has a rotational energy barrier that is greater than the rotational energy barrier of CH.sub.2; where each Rb.sup.1 and Rb.sup.2 independently is a chain segment comprising at least one of a fluoroalkyl ether moiety, a fluoroalkenyl ether moiety, a perfluoroalkyl ether moiety, a perfluoroalkenyl ether moiety, or a combination thereof; and where each of Rv.sup.1 and Rv.sup.2, when present, independently each has a second at least one anchoring functional group engageable with the protective overcoat of a magnetic recording medium. -Re.sup.1-Rc-Re.sup.2 may have the formula:

##STR00001##

where R.sub.L, if present, is C.sub.nM.sub.2, wherein M is H, and n is from 1 to 10.