A product resulting from the reaction of at least: an alkali or alkaline earth metal hydroxybenzoate compound, optionally substituted by a hydrocarbyl group and optionally overbased, a boron compound, an amine component selected from a di-fatty-alkyl(ene) polyalkylamine composition including one or more polyalkylamines of formulae (I) or (II). A lubricant composition including this product. Use of this product as a lubricant for two-stroke marine engines and four-stroke marine engines, more preferably two-stroke marine engines.

Provided herein are polyolefin dispersants, as well as methods for producing polyolefin dispersants. The polyolefin dispersants can be defined by the formula below ##STR00001## where R.sup.x is cationic initiator residue; R.sup.a is a polyolefin group; R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are each, independently in each —(CR.sup.1R.sup.2) unit, H, alkyl, alkoxy, or alkylaryl; R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are each, independently, H, alkyl, or alkoxy; m is an integer from 1 to 20; n is an integer from 1 to 6; r is an integer from 1 to 4; Y is a polyvalent amine linker comprising one or more tertiary amines, wherein the polyvalent amine linker does not include a primary amine or a secondary amine; and A is absent, or comprises a dispersive moiety.

A multi-grade lubricating oil including a (meth)acrylate polymer with at least two distinct molecular weight arms and a blend of heavier and lighter base oils with increased amounts of the heavier base oil to achieve SAE grade performance. The compositions herein achieve SAE certifications as lower CCS viscosities at target kinematic viscosities for multi-grade oils.

Compositions comprising an acrylamide polymer emulsion and a nonionic surfactant suitable for use as friction reducers for hydraulic fracturing are disclosed. The nonionic surfactants include aralkylated phenol ethoxylates, amine ethoxylates, amidoamine ethoxylates, linear or branched alcohol EO/PO alkoxylates, ethoxylated alcohols, alkylphenol ethoxylates, and EO-capped poly(oxypropylene) block copolymers. Improved hydraulic fracturing processes in which an acrylamide polymer emulsion is used as a friction reducer are also described. In these processes, the surfactant is included in the composition with the acrylamide polymer friction reducer, or it is introduced separately into the process. The performance of low-cost polyacrylamide friction reducers can be boosted with a small proportion of certain readily available nonionic surfactants. The inventive compositions are effective in high-salinity environments, and their performance can sometimes exceed that of more-expensive salt-tolerant friction reducers, thereby reducing fresh water demand and enabling greater utilization of produced water.

A lubricating oil composition for an internal combustion engine has a HTHS viscosity at 150° C. of 2.55-2.84 mPa.Math.s and includes: (A) a lubricating base oil including (a) mineral base oil(s) and/or (a) synthetic base oil(s), and having a kinematic viscosity at 100° C. of 3.8-4.6 mm.sup.2/s; (B) 1000-2000 mass ppm, in terms of metal content, of a metallic detergent including (a) metal salicylate detergent(s), and delivering 10 mmol/kg of total salicylate soap base per kilogram of the composition; (C) 1.0 to 4.0 mass % of a comb-shaped poly(meth)acrylate having a Mw of 350,000-1,000,000 and a PDI of ≤4.0; and (D) 100-1000 mass ppm, in terms of nitrogen, of a succinimide dispersant including (i) (a) non-modified succinimide dispersant(s) and/or (ii) (a) boric acid-modified succinimide dispersant(s), wherein the (i) and the (ii), in total, deliver 70 mass % of total nitrogen content of the component (D).

A lubricating composition comprises at least 50 percent by mass, based on the mass of the composition of an oil of lubricating viscosity and 0.01 to 25 percent by mass, based on the mass of the composition of an oil-soluble poly(2-oxazine) polymer. The polymer has the repeat unit: ##STR00001##
where the number (n) of repeat units is an integer between 4 and 500, such as between 4 and 400. The polymer carries an inorganic or organic nucleophilic polymerisation terminating group (t), and an initiator group (i) connected to the N atom of a repeat unit, the initiator group (i) being effective to initiate the polymerisation of linear, branched or cyclic hydrocarbyl moieties. R.sup.1 comprises a single or a mixture of linear, branched or cyclic hydrocarbyl groups having 1-50 carbon atoms, some or all having 12-50 carbon atoms, or of at least one macro-monomeric hydrocarbyl group with more than 50 carbon atoms.

Provided herein are polyolefin dispersants, as well as methods for producing polyolefin dispersants. The polyolefin dispersants can be defined by the formula below

##STR00001##

where R.sup.x is cationic initiator residue; R.sup.a is a polyolefin group; R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are each, independently in each —(CR.sup.1R.sup.2) unit, H, alkyl, alkoxy, or alkylaryl; R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are each, independently, H, alkyl, or alkoxy; m is an integer from 1 to 20; n is an integer from 1 to 6; r is an integer from 1 to 4; Y is a polyvalent amine linker comprising one or more tertiary amines, wherein the polyvalent amine linker does not include a primary amine or a secondary amine; and A is absent, or comprises a dispersive moiety.

A lubricating composition comprises a major amount of an oil of lubricating viscosity and 0.01 to 25 percent by mass, based on the mass of the composition of an oil-soluble copolymer. The copolymer comprises units (a) and units (b):
N(COR.sup.1)CH.sub.2CH.sub.2(a)
N(COR.sup.2)CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2(b)
wherein the polymer carries an inorganic or organic nucleophilic polymerisation terminating group (t), and an initiator group (i) connected to the N atom of a repeat unit (a) or (b), the initiator group (i) being effective to initiate the polymerisation of linear, branched or cyclic hydrocarbyl moieties. R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are the same or different and comprise a single or a mixture of linear, branched or cyclic hydrocarbyl groups having 1-50 carbon atoms, some or all having 12-50 carbon atoms, or of at least one macro-monomeric hydrocarbyl group with more than 50 carbon atoms.

Provided herein are polyolefin dispersants, as well as methods for producing polyolefin dispersants. The polyolefin dispersants can be defined by the formula below ##STR00001##
where R.sup.x is cationic initiator residue; R.sup.a is a polyolefin group; R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are each, independently in each (CR.sup.1R.sup.2) unit, H, alkyl, alkoxy, or alkylaryl; R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are each, independently, H, alkyl, or alkoxy; m is an integer from 1 to 20; n is an integer from 1 to 6; r is an integer from 1 to 4; Y is a polyvalent amine linker comprising one or more tertiary amines, wherein the polyvalent amine linker does not include a primary amine or a secondary amine; and A is absent, or comprises a dispersive moiety.

A lubricating composition comprises a major amount of an oil of lubricating viscosity and 0.01 to 25 percent by weight, based on the weight of the composition, of a poly(2-oxazoline) polymer. The polymer has the repeat unit:
N(COR.sup.1)CH.sub.2CH.sub.2
wherein the number of repeat units (n) in the polymer is an integer between 4 and 1000, such as between 4 and 500. The polymer carries an inorganic or organic nucleophilic polymerisation terminating group (t), and an initiator group (i) connected to the N atom of a repeat unit, the initiator group (i) being effective to initiate the polymerisation of linear, branched or cyclic hydrocarbyl moieties. At least 5% of the total number of the groups R.sup.1 in the polymer comprise alkenyl groups having between 15 and 20 carbon atoms.