The present invention concerns the use of at least one polyorganosiloxane to release air from a lubricant composition comprising at least one base oil, when lubricating at least one moving part of an electric or hybrid vehicle.

A lubricating oil including a lubricating oil base stock as a major component; and a mixture of (i) one or more protected lubricating oil additives having a first performance function, and (ii) one or more unprotected lubricating oil additives having a second performance function, as a minor component. The first performance function and the second performance function are the same. The one or more protected lubricating oil additives are inactive with respect to their performance function. The one or more protected lubricating oil additives are converted into one or more unprotected lubricating oil additives in the lubricating oil in-service in an engine or other mechanical component. A method for controlled release of one or more lubricating oil additives into a lubricating oil. A method for improving oxidative stability of a lubricating oil and extending performance life of one or more lubricating oil additives.

A lubricating oil composition, a method of reducing low-speed pre-ignition (LSPI) in a direct-injected spark-ignited internal combustion engine, and a use of a lubricant composition to reduce LSPI events in such an engine. Preferably, the composition comprises a detergent comprising an overbased calcium detergent having a total base number (TBN) of at least 150, wherein the lubricating oil composition has a calcium content of at least 0.08 wt. %, based on the weight of the lubricating oil composition, and wherein the lubricating oil composition has a silicon content of at least 12 ppm by weight, based on the weight of the lubricating oil composition.

Disclosed herein are star-shaped macromolecular structures comprising a hyper-branched silicon containing core grafted with a well-defined and controllable number of alkyl (methyl)acrylate (co)polymer arms. The presence of the robust inorganic core provides additional resilience against mechanical degradation and therefore enhanced additive life time. Control over the additive architecture was complemented by tunability of the length of the grafted polymers by making use of controlled radical based polymerization techniques. The performance of these novel inorganic-organic star-shaped hybrids were compared to traditional fully organic lubricant additives. Detailed analysis revealed the multi-functional character of the hybrids by simultaneously performing as bulk viscosity modifiers, boundary lubricant, and wear protectants while being dispersed in a commercially available base oil for automotive lubrication purposes.

The present invention concerns the use of at least one polyorganosiloxane to release air from a lubricant composition comprising at least one base oil, when lubricating at least one moving part of an electric or hybrid vehicle.

An epilamization agent containing at least one compound including at least hydrophobic and oleophobic moieties arranged to impart epilame properties to the compound, and at least one hydrophilic moiety arranged to make the compound soluble in aqueous medium, the hydrophilic moiety being linked to the compound by at least one cleavable group. A method for coating a substrate with epilame, including: preparing an aqueous epilamization bath by solubilising such an epilamization agent, placing the substrate in contact with the epilamization agent in the epilamization bath, separating the hydrophilic moiety from the epilamization agent by cleavage, rinsing the substrate to eliminate the hydrophilic residues from the hydrophilic moiety and drying.

A lubricating oil composition, a method of reducing low-speed pre-ignition (LSPI) in a direct-injected spark-ignited internal combustion engine, and a use of a lubricant composition to reduce LSPI events in such an engine. Preferably, the composition comprises a detergent comprising an overbased calcium detergent having a total base number (TBN) of at least 150, wherein the lubricating oil composition has a calcium content of at least 0.08 wt. %, based on the weight of the lubricating oil composition, and wherein the lubricating oil composition has a silicon content of at least 12 ppm by weight, based on the weight of the lubricating oil composition.

A refrigerator oil composition used in a refrigerant containing one or more unsaturated fluorinated hydrocarbon compounds selected from compounds represented by the following general formula (1): C.sub.xF.sub.yH.sub.z (1), wherein x is an integer of 2 to 6, y is an integer of 1 to 11, z is an integer of 1 to 11, and there are one or more carbon-carbon unsaturated bonds in the molecule, the refrigerator oil composition containing a base oil (A) that includes polyvinyl ether, a modified silicone compound (B), and a specific epoxy compound (C).

The present disclosure relates to lubricating compositions and methods of lubricating a spark-ignition engine effective to depress low-speed pre-ignition (LSPI) events and to maintain low foaming and/or aeration through selected silicon chemistries and treat rates.

This invention relates to a lubricating composition comprising or resulting from the admixing of: base oil, detergent, and one or more metal alkanoates having a quaternary carbon atom at the 2 position, the 2 position, or both the 2 and 2 positions, where the lubricating composition preferably has an adhesive wear of 100 hours or more, a foam volume of 70 ml or less at 24 C., and 50 ml or less at 93.5 C., and, optionally, a total base number of 7 mgKOH/g or more.