Lubricating composition comprising (i) base oil and (ii) a Verkade base compound having the formula (1): wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are each independently selected from hydrogen and saturated or unsaturated, straight chain or branched, C.sub.1-C.sub.22 alkyl groups. The lubricating composition of the present invention exhibits improved base number retention and oxidative stability, particularly in the presence of a biofuel such as fatty acid alkyl ester. ##STR00001##

A urea grease of the invention is prepared by applying shear at a shear rate of 10.sup.2 s.sup.1 or more to a mixture solution of an amine mixture containing an alicyclic monoamine and a chain aliphatic monoamine, and a diisocyanate compound to cause a reaction in the mixture, in which the urea grease has Peak High32-64s of 1.5 or less and Level High32-64s of 10 or less according to an FAG method.

Ester polyol esters are a unique class of lubricants that have adjustable molecular weights, viscosities, and pour points based on the character of their reaction materials and relative ratios. There is provided a method for preparing at least one ester polyol ester, the method comprising esterifying an ester polyol reaction mixture to produce ester polyol, the reaction mixture comprising an ozone acid mixture and at least one primary polyol, wherein the ozone acid mixture comprises at least one dicarboxylic acid and at least one monocarboxylic acid; and capping the ester polyol with at least one capping carboxylic acid to produce ester polyol ester.

An object of the present invention is to obtain a lubricating oil for machine tools, which has good lubricating properties and abrasion resistance and also exhibits a high flash point and a low pour point. A lubricating oil composition comprises, as a base oil, a base oil which includes an oil containing 20 mass % to 49 mass % of n-paraffin components and 51 mass % to 80 mass % of i-paraffin components at a quantity of 90 mass % or more of the total quantity of the base oil and which has a kinematic viscosity at 40 C. of 1 to 5 mm.sup.2/s. By blending a small quantity of -dithiophosphorylated propionic acid and/or an acidic phosphoric acid ester in this base oil, a lubricating oil composition suitable for use for a main shaft of a machine tool is obtained. The lubricating oil composition for a main shaft of a machine tool has a flash point of 100 C. or more, a pour point of 10 C. or less, and a Shell four-ball wear mark diameter of 0.7 mm or less.

An object of the present invention is to obtain a lubricating oil for machine tools, which has good lubricating properties and abrasion resistance and also exhibits a high flash point and a low pour point. A lubricating oil composition comprises, as a base oil, a base oil which includes an oil containing 20 mass % to 49 mass % of n-paraffin components and 51 mass % to 80 mass % of i-paraffin components at a quantity of 90 mass % or more of the total quantity of the base oil and which has a kinematic viscosity at 40 C. of 1 to 5 mm.sup.2/s. By blending a small quantity of -dithiophosphorylated propionic acid and/or an acidic phosphoric acid ester in this base oil, a lubricating oil composition suitable for use for a main shaft of a machine tool is obtained. The lubricating oil composition for a main shaft of a machine tool has a flash point of 100 C. or more, a pour point of 10 C. or less, and a Shell four-ball wear mark diameter of 0.7 mm or less.

Provided herein are estolide compositions having high oxidative stability, said compositions comprising at least one compound of formula: ##STR00001##
in which n is an integer equal to or greater than 0; m is an integer equal to or greater than 1; R.sub.1, independently for each occurrence, is selected from optionally substituted alkyl that is saturated or unsaturated, and branched or unbranched; R.sub.2 is selected from hydrogen and optionally substituted alkyl that is saturated or unsaturated, and branched or unbranched; and R.sub.3 and R.sub.4, independently for each occurrence, are selected from optionally substituted alkyl that is saturated or unsaturated, and branched or unbranched. Also provided herein are uses for the compositions and methods of preparing the same.

Disclosed is a lubricating oil composition comprising an oil of lubricating viscosity and an oil soluble synergistic mixture of antioxidants, said mixture comprising: a) a hindered amine antioxidant according to formula (I) ##STR00001## wherein each R.sup.1 is independently selected from a substituted or unsubstituted, branched or linear, C.sub.1-C.sub.20 hydrocarbyl group; R.sup.2 is selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom or a, substituted or unsubstituted, branched or linear, C.sub.1-C.sub.20 hydrocarbyl group; each R.sup.3 is independently selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom or a, substituted or unsubstituted, branched or linear, C.sub.1-C.sub.20 hydrocarbyl group; each R.sup.4 is independently selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom or a, substituted or unsubstituted, branched or linear, C.sub.1-C.sub.20 hydrocarbyl group; n is an integer from 1 to 4; and m is an integer from 1 to 5; and b) a molybdenum succinimide complex.

A viscosity index improver containing, in non-ester diluent oil, one or more hydrogenated, functionalized linear block copolymers having at least one block derived from monoalkenyl arene covalently linked to at least one block derived from diene in an amount that is greater than the critical overlap concentration (c.sub.h*), in mass %, for the linear block copolymers in the diluent oil; and an amount of ester base stock.

A lubricating agent including an ionic liquid formed from a Bronsted acid (HX) and a Bronsted base (B), wherein the Bronsted base has a linear hydrocarbon group having 10 or more carbon atoms and the difference between the pKa value of the Bronsted acid in water and the pKa value of the Bronsted base in water is 12 or more.

A fluid contains a base oil consisting of an alcohol-initiated polyalkylene glycol where polyalkylene glycol component is selected from a homopolymer of 1,2-butylene oxide and copolymer of 1,2-butylene oxide and propylene oxide; a glycerol-initiated unsaturated ester that is free of tertiary carbon atoms and quaternary carbon atoms; and an antioxidant.