Provided are formulations, methods of making, and methods of using a functional fluid of the present invention to achieve and maintain optimal frictional characteristics in machines housing that fluid, wherein the functional fluid comprises, among others, a friction-modifying amount of an alkyl toluene sulfonate salt or a mixture of alkyl toluene sulfonate salts.

The present invention relates to novel ionic liquids comprising polyethercarboxylate groups as anions, alkyl ammonium groups as cations, a process of preparation of said ionic liquids and its use in high duty lubricant.

Lubricating composition for use in the crankcase of an engine comprising: (i) a base oil comprising at least one monoester or a mixture of monoesters, wherein said monoester or mixture of monoesters has a kinematic viscosity at 100 C. of not more than 4 mm.sup.2/s, a viscosity index of at least 130 and a Noack evaporation loss of not more than 20 wt %; and (ii) a polymeric viscosity index improvers selected from (a) one or more comb polymers; (b) a poly(meth)acrylate polymer having 1 to 70 mol % of one or more (meth)acrylate structural units represented by formula (1) below (1) wherein R.sup.1 is a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, and R.sup.2 is a straight chain or branched hydrocarbon group having not less than 16 carbon atoms; (c) styrene-diene hydrogenated copolymers; and (d) mixtures thereof. The lubricating composition of the present invention provides improved fuel economy properties.

The present invention generally relates, in certain aspects, to corrosion inhibiting compositions useful for metalworking fluids, as well as concentrates, additives and metalworking fluids containing such compositions. The invention furthermore relates, in some aspects, to the use of such compositions for providing to a metalworking fluid one or more of anticorrosion performance, antifoam performance, antiwear performance, load carrying capacity, long fluid life, biological stability, lubricity, hard water tolerance, formulation stability.

Polyalkyl(meth)acrylate based polymers which include straight chained C.sub.18-24 alkyl(meth)acrylates and have an average carbon number of 7.0 to 7.5 and a weight-average molecular weight of 300,000 g/mol or greater are a useful component for a lubricant composition. Furthermore, lubricant compositions containing such polymers show improved high temperature-high shear performance, especially in engine oil (EO) compositions.

A lubricant for magnetic media according to general formula (I):

Rv.sup.1-Rb.sup.1-Re.sup.1-Rc-Re.sup.2-Rb.sup.2-Rv.sup.2(I); where Rc is an optionally non-fluorinated divalent linking segment comprising a first at least one anchoring functional group engageable with a protective overcoat of a magnetic recording medium; where each Re.sup.1 and Re.sup.2 has a rotational energy barrier that is greater than the rotational energy barrier of CH.sub.2; where each Rb.sup.1 and Rb.sup.2 independently is a chain segment comprising at least one of a fluoroalkyl ether moiety, a fluoroalkenyl ether moiety, a perfluoroalkyl ether moiety, a perfluoroalkenyl ether moiety, or a combination thereof; and where each of Rv.sup.1 and Rv.sup.2, when present, independently each has a second at least one anchoring functional group engageable with the protective overcoat of a magnetic recording medium. -Re.sup.1-Rc-Re.sup.2 may have the formula:

##STR00001##

where R.sub.L, if present, is C.sub.nM.sub.2, wherein M is H, and n is from 1 to 10.

A lubricant for magnetic media according to general formula (I):
Rv.sup.1-Rb.sup.1Re.sup.1-Rc-Re.sup.2Rb.sup.2-Rv.sup.2(I); where Rc is an optionally non-fluorinated divalent linking segment comprising a first at least one anchoring functional group engageable with a protective overcoat of a magnetic recording medium; where each Re.sup.1 and Re.sup.2 has a rotational energy barrier that is greater than the rotational energy barrier of CH.sub.2; where each Rb.sup.1 and Rb.sup.2 independently is a chain segment comprising at least one of a fluoroalkyl ether moiety, a fluoroalkenyl ether moiety, a perfluoroalkyl ether moiety, a perfluoroalkenyl ether moiety, or a combination thereof; and where each of Rv.sup.1 and Rv.sup.2, when present, independently each has a second at least one anchoring functional group engageable with the protective overcoat of a magnetic recording medium. Re.sup.1-Rc-Re.sup.2 may have the formula: ##STR00001##
where R.sub.L, if present, is C.sub.nM.sub.2, wherein M is H, and n is from 1 to 10.

A lubricant for magnetic media according to general formula (I):

##STR00001##

where Rc is an optionally non-fluorinated divalent linking segment comprising a first at least one anchoring functional group engageable with a protective overcoat of a magnetic recording medium; where each Re.sup.1 and Re.sup.2 has a rotational energy barrier that is greater than the rotational energy barrier of CH.sub.2; where each Rb.sup.1 and Rb.sup.2 independently is a chain segment comprising at least one of a fluoroalkyl ether moiety, a fluoroalkenyl ether moiety, a perfluoroalkyl ether moiety, a perfluoroalkenyl ether moiety, or a combination thereof; and where each of Rv.sup.1 and Rv.sup.2, when present, independently each has a second at least one anchoring functional group engageable with the protective overcoat of a magnetic recording medium. Re.sup.1RcRe.sup.2 may have the formula:

##STR00002##

where R.sub.L, if present, is C.sub.nM.sub.2, wherein M is H, and n is from 1 to 10.

Object Objective is to provide a grease composition for a pivot assembly and a pivot assembly bearing filled with the grease composition, and to provide a bearing apparatus as well as a drive apparatus including the bearing apparatus, which is capable of suppressing adhesion of a volatilized component to a magnetic disk or the like even when the grease composition is volatilized by application of the grease composition and the bearing, thereby suppressing occurrence of read/write errors of an HDD. Solution Provided are: a grease composition for a pivot assembly bearing including an aromatic ester-based base oil and a thickener, the aromatic ester-based base oil containing an aromatic ester compound having an ester group *(CO)O as a substituent on a ring, where * is a bonding site to an aromatic ring, and having an alkyl group with a total of 8 or more carbon atoms bonded to an oxygen atom of the ester group; a pivot assembly bearing filled with the grease composition for pivot assembly bearing; a bearing apparatus including the pivot assembly bearing; and a disk drive apparatus equipped with the bearing apparatus.