The present invention relates to a composition of branched fatty acids or esters thereof, the process for preparing such a composition and its use in various industrial fields, such as in lubricant, in cosmetics and in home care. More particularly, the present invention relates to a composition comprising at least 30% by weight of polybranched C.sub.10-C.sub.24 fatty acids or esters thereof, and a cyclic compound content ranging from 1% to 8% by weight, the weight percentage being given on the total weight of the composition.

The invention is a fluid having a kinematic viscosity from 3 to 6 mm.sup.2/s, a flash point of higher than 120° C. and a pour point lower than −40° C., having a boiling point in the range of from 200° C. to 400° C. and a boiling range below 80° C., said fluid comprising more than 95% isoparaffins and less than 3% of naphthens by weight, a biocarbon content of at least 95% by weight, containing less than 100 ppm aromatics by weight. The invention is also a drilling fluid and the use of the fluid to improve the viscosity of the drilling fluid.

Selected comb polymers include specified amounts of macromonomer and imide functionalization. Further, a method is useful for the preparation of such comb polymers. Lubricant compositions including such comb polymers are useful for reducing wear and fuel consumption of lubricant compositions, especially of engine oil (EO) compositions.

The disclosed technology relates to hydrocarbyl- (e.g. alkyl-) phenol detergents and their salts, where the hydrocarbyl group includes moieties equivalent to 5 to 10 carbon branched polyene compounds. Such compounds and their salts are useful as lubricant additives.

A lubricating oil composition for a sliding guide surface, which includes a lubricant base oil, an acid phosphate ester mixture having a structure represented by the following Formula (1) and including an acid phosphate monoester and an acid phosphate diester, and an aliphatic monoamine, and which satisfies a predetermined condition A or condition B, is provided. In Formula (1), each of R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 represents a hydrogen atom or a saturated or unsaturated straight-chain aliphatic hydrocarbon group having from 1 to 30 carbon atoms, and R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are not simultaneously hydrogen atoms.
(R.sup.1O)(R.sup.2O)(HO)P═O  (1)

The present invention describes a process for obtaining a biolubricant from vegetable oil, which comprises the steps of (a) esterification reaction of the product of vegetable oil hydrolysis using a branched aliphatic alcohol; (b) epoxidation reaction of the esters obtained in step (a); and (c) nucleophilic substitution reaction of the epoxidated esters obtained in step (b) using a branched aliphatic alcohol. The present invention also describes a biolubricant obtained from the process. More specifically, a biolubricant is described that is produced from a ricinoleic fatty acid, whose formula is illustrated in FIG. 1 of the present invention, and where R.sub.1 is a hydroxyl or it is from the formula R.sub.3COO.sup.−, with R.sub.3 being an alkyl radical C.sub.1-C.sub.3, preferably a methyl radical; and R.sub.2 consists of a straight chain of hydrocarbons C.sub.4-C.sub.8 and a branched chain of hydrocarbons C.sub.1-C.sub.3.

The present disclosure provides processes for producing alkylated fatty acids and derivatives thereof. In at least one embodiment, a process includes introducing a terminal alkyl transferase and a fatty acid into a bioreactor. The process includes introducing an internal methyl transferase and internal methyl reductase into the bioreactor or a second bioreactor. The process includes obtaining an alkylated fatty acid having a methyl substituent located at an internal carbon atom of the fatty acid and a methyl substituent or ethyl substituent located at a carbon atom alpha to the terminal carbon atom of the fatty acid.

Provided herein are hydrocarbon mixtures with controlled structure characteristics that address the performance requirements for finished lubricants driven by the stricter environmental and fuel economy regulations. The branching characteristics of the hydrocarbon molecules are controlled to provide a composition that has a unique and superior viscosity-temperature relationship and Noack volatility. An important aspect of the present invention relates to a saturated hydrocarbon mixture with at least 80% of the molecules having an even carbon number, with the branching characteristic of BP/BI in the range≥−0.6037 (Internal alkyl branching)+2.0, where on average at least 0.3 to 1.5 of the internal methyl branches are located more than 4 carbons away from the terminal carbon when analyzed by carbon NMR. The saturated hydrocarbon mixture with such unique branching structure consistently exhibits a stand out performance in the cold crank simulated viscosity (CCS) vs Noack volatility relationship, which allows for the formulation of lower viscosity engine oils with improved fuel economies.

A base oil includes an ester compound obtained by reacting a fatty acid component and a monohydric alcohol component. The fatty acid component includes a C.sub.4-C.sub.28 fatty acid. The monohydric alcohol component includes at least one C.sub.4-C.sub.22 straight chain monohydric alcohol and at least one C.sub.4-C.sub.22 branched chain monohydric alcohol. A lubricant oil composition including the base oil is also disclosed.

A base oil includes an ester compound obtained by reacting a fatty acid component and a monohydric alcohol component. The fatty acid component includes a C.sub.4-C.sub.28 fatty acid. The monohydric alcohol component includes at least one C.sub.4-C.sub.22 straight chain monohydric alcohol and at least one C.sub.4-C.sub.22 branched chain monohydric alcohol. A lubricant oil composition including the base oil is also disclosed.