A water-miscible functional fluid includes: a neutral photosensitizer having an isoalloxazine skeleton; and an antioxidant, wherein the antioxidant is a radical scavenger or a peroxide decomposer.

The invention relates to a preparation method for a multifunctional modified molybdenum disulfide nano-additive, with step 1: synthesizing a lignocellulose; step 2: synthesizing lignocellulose/MoS.sub.2 composite nanoparticles; step 3: synthesizing a lignocellulose/MoS.sub.2—Ag nanocomposite to obtain the multifunctional modified molybdenum disulfide nano-additive. The invention provides a preparation method for a multifunctional modified molybdenum disulfide nano-additive, adding which into the cutting fluid will remarkably improve the lubricating property, bactericidal and corrosion resistance performance.

Provided is an entry sheet for drilling that, compared with a conventional entry sheet for drilling, has better hole position accuracy, can suppress drill bit breakage, and exhibits less processing chips wrapping around the drill bit. This entry sheet for drilling includes a metallic support foil and a layer comprising a resin composition that is formed on at least one surface of the metallic support foil, wherein the resin composition contains a cellulose derivative (A) and a water-soluble resin (B), the cellulose derivative (A) includes a hydroxyalkyl cellulose and/or a carboxyalkyl cellulose having a weight average molecular weight of 20,000 to 350,000, and based on 100 parts by mass of the resin composition, the content of the cellulose derivative (A) is 5 to 40 parts by mass and the content of the water-soluble resin (B) is 60 to 95 parts by mass.

A water-based cutting fluid that comprises water and a water-soluble polyalkylene glycol (PAG) having cloud point from 30° C. to 80° C. The cutting fluid is water-based, i.e., it comprises at least 50 percent by weight (wt %) water. The cutting fluids are well suited for use with diamond wiresaws for the cutting of silicon ingots. The fluids exhibit one or more of low hydrogen generation, no wafer cleaning issues, good lubricity, good cooling efficiency, good swarf suspension and dispersion, low foaming, are generally non-sensitive to metal ions, and are nonflammable.

A lubrication board includes a substrate; and a lubrication layer disposed on a surface of the substrate, wherein the lubrication layer comprises a polymer expressed by formula (I) below,

##STR00001##

wherein R.sub.1 is selected from a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.6-C.sub.18 alkyl; R.sub.2 is selected from a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.2-C.sub.18 alkyl or C.sub.2-C.sub.18 alkyl which is interrupted by —O—; R.sub.3 is selected from —NH— or —S—; R.sub.4 is selected from —NH.sub.2, —OH or —SH; and n, p and q are positive integers ranging from 2 to 20000.

Methods and systems in which a shapable mass, which is processed according to the method or in the system, has a lubricant applied thereto. As it is processed in the system, the shapable mass having the lubricant applied thereto is used to transfer lubricant to a part or parts of the system.

Disclosed herein is a method of using a water-based coolant for quenching or cutting a metal material. The water-based coolant is formed of: water; at least one inorganic acid salt selected from the group consisting of a carbonate, a hydrogen carbonate, a sesquicarbonate, a phosphate, a borate, a molybdate and a tungstate; a metal corrosion inhibitor; and optionally at least one of a bactericide, a water-soluble rust inhibitor, an antioxidant and a detergent dispersant.

A lubricated mechanical polishing (LMP) process is provided that uses hard nanoparticles of less than 5 nm diameter dispersed in a fluid lubricant as a polishing slurry to produce an ultra-smooth surface on a hard metallic or non-metallic substrate with a sub-nanometer surface roughness substantially less than that produced by silica chemical mechanical polishing.

Disclosed herein are embodiments of a method of making a lubricant composition for lapping a ceramic material. The method includes mixing a base lubricant component and a powdered wax composition component to form the lubricant composition. The powdered wax composition component includes a powdered wax dispersion or a powdered wax emulsion. The amount of powdered wax composition component mixed with the base lubricant component is from 0.01 to 10 percent by weight of the lubricant composition. Also disclosed herein are embodiments of related lubricant compositions and/or methods of using the lubricant to lap a ceramic substrate (e.g., one or more bars of sliders).

The present invention relates to specific derivatives of dimer fatty acids, compositions comprising them and a method to reduce pour points.