Silicone-in-water emulsions and methods for making same, are disclosed which are useful and effective as lubricants for use in intimate care applications, as a skin condition, as a surgical lubricant and/or as a carrier for an active topical pharmaceutical agent. In preferred examples, the emulsions of the present invention are flowable, have a viscosity of equal to or below about 15,000 centipoise (cP), and are stable upon storage for at least about 1 year.

A metalworking fluid is disclosed. The fluid comprises an oleaginous component, an aqueous component, and a surfactant dispersed in the aqueous component. The metalworking fluid is substantially free from defoamers or anti-foam compounds.

A metalworking fluid is disclosed. The fluid comprises an oleaginous component, an aqueous component, and a surfactant dispersed in the aqueous component. The fluid comprises micelles of the oleaginous and the aqueous component. The average micelle diameter follows a Gaussian distribution having a mean , and wherein the standard deviation a is less than or equal to 0.2.

Spacer fluids include an emulsion, a surfactant package, and at least one additive that modifies the rheology of the spacer fluid, the density of the spacer fluid, or both. The emulsion may include an aqueous external phase and a hydrocarbon-based internal phase. The surfactant package may include one or more surfactants. The surfactant package may also include a surfactant having the general structure R(OCH.sub.2CH.sub.2).sub.9OH, where R is a hydrocarbyl having 12 carbon atoms, 13 carbon atoms, or 14 carbon atoms. The spacer fluid may contain at least 4.25 pounds of R(OCH.sub.2CH.sub.2).sub.9OH per barrel of the spacer fluid.

Spacer fluids include an emulsion, a surfactant package, and at least one additive that modifies the rheology of the spacer fluid, the density of the spacer fluid, or both. The emulsion may include an aqueous external phase and a hydrocarbon-based internal phase. The surfactant package may include one or more surfactants. The surfactant package may also include a surfactant having the general structure R(OCH.sub.2CH.sub.2).sub.9OH, where R is a hydrocarbyl having 12 carbon atoms, 13 carbon atoms, or 14 carbon atoms. The spacer fluid may contain at least 4.25 pounds of R(OCH.sub.2CH.sub.2).sub.9OH per barrel of the spacer fluid.

The invention relates to the use of an O/W emulsion, in particular a PIT emulsion, for lubricating conveyor belt systems in food industries as well as a lubricant concentrate based on an O/W emulsion, in particular a PIT emulsion, of wax esters.

The invention is a fluid having a kinematic viscosity from 3 to 6 mm.sup.2/s, a flash point of higher than 120? C. and a pour point lower than ?40? C., having a boiling point in the range of from 200? C. to 400? C. and a boiling range below 80? C., said fluid comprising more than 95% isoparaffins and less than 3% of naphthens by weight, a biocarbon content of at least 95% by weight, containing less than 100 ppm aromatics by weight. The invention is also a drilling fluid and the use of the fluid to improve the viscosity of the drilling fluid.

Anti-bit balling drilling fluids and methods of making and using drilling fluids are provided. The anti-bit balling drilling fluid contains water, a clay-based component, and at least one of a surfactant having the formula: R(OC.sub.2H.sub.4).sub.xOH, where R is a hydrocarbyl group having from 10 to 20 carbon atoms and x is an integer from 1 and 10, or a polyethylene glycol having the formula: H(OCH.sub.2CH.sub.2).sub.nOH, where n is an integer from 1 to 50. Methods of making and using these drilling fluids are also provided.

An industrial fluid is disclosed. The fluid comprises an oleaginous component, an aqueous component, and a surfactant. Substantially all of the surfactant is bound within micelles of the oleaginous component. This results in there being substantially no unbound surfactant present in the fluid. The industrial fluid is also substantially flee from insoluble defoamers or anti-foam compounds.

An industrial fluid is disclosed. The fluid comprises an oleaginous component, an aqueous component, and a surfactant dispersed in the aqueous component. The average micelle diameter follows a Gaussian distribution having a mean, , and wherein the standard deviation is less than or equal to 0.2. The industrial fluid is also substantially free from defoamers or anti-foam compounds.