A method to purify black liquor soap (BLS) from sulfur compounds is disclosed. In the BLS desulfurization method, a BLS composition is heated in an inert atmosphere and sulfur is removed via aqueous extractions with inorganic base in the absence of other chemicals such as brine, sulfate salts and carbonate salts. The purified BLS composition exhibits favorable properties, including reduced sulfur content, lower color, and improved odor characteristics. The resulting tall oil compositions, depitched tall oil compositions, tall oil distillation fractions, and products derived therefrom also show reduced sulfur content, lower color, and improved odor characteristics.

A method to purify black liquor soap (BLS) from sulfur compounds is disclosed. In the BLS desulfurization method, a BLS composition is heated in an inert atmosphere and sulfur is removed via aqueous extractions with inorganic base in the absence of other chemicals such as brine, sulfate salts and carbonate salts. The purified BLS composition exhibits favorable properties, including reduced sulfur content, lower color, and improved odor characteristics. The resulting tall oil compositions, depitched tall oil compositions, tall oil distillation fractions, and products derived therefrom also show reduced sulfur content, lower color, and improved odor characteristics.

The present technology provides a method that includes contacting a composition with a caustic solution to produce a caustic-treated composition; combining the caustic-treated composition with silica particles to produce a slurry; and removing the silica particles from the slurry to produce a treated composition; wherein the composition includes one or more of animal fats, animal oils, plant fats, plant oils, vegetable fats, vegetable oils, greases, and used cooking oil and the composition includes: at least about 10 wppm of total metals, at least about 8 wppm of phosphorus, at least about 10 wppm of chlorine, at least about 10 wppm of sulfur, at least about 20 wppm of nitrogen, at least about 5 wt. % of free fatty acids; and has an acid number from about 10 mg KOH/g to about 150 mg KOH/g, and the silica particles has a particle size from about 10 microns to about 50 microns, a BET surface area from about 200 m.sup.2/g to about 1000 m.sup.2/g.

The present technology provides a method that includes contacting a composition with a caustic solution to produce a caustic-treated composition; combining the caustic-treated composition with silica particles to produce a slurry; and removing the silica particles from the slurry to produce a treated composition; wherein the composition includes one or more of animal fats, animal oils, plant fats, plant oils, vegetable fats, vegetable oils, greases, and used cooking oil and the composition includes: at least about 10 wppm of total metals, at least about 8 wppm of phosphorus, at least about 10 wppm of chlorine, at least about 10 wppm of sulfur, at least about 20 wppm of nitrogen, at least about 5 wt. % of free fatty acids; and has an acid number from about 10 mg KOH/g to about 150 mg KOH/g, and the silica particles has a particle size from about 10 microns to about 50 microns, a BET surface area from about 200 m.sup.2/g to about 1000 m.sup.2/g.

A method for producing a carotenoid enriched fatty acid composition includes: reacting an oil including free fatty acids and carotenoids with a basic solution; withdrawing, separately from the oil, an extraction solution including at least a portion of the free fatty acids, at least a portion of the carotenoids, and the basic solution; acidifying the extraction solution to produce an aqueous phase and a fatty acid phase, the fatty acid phase including the free fatty acids and the carotenoids of the extraction solution; and separating the fatty acid phase from the aqueous phase.

A method for refining vegetable oil is used to reduce formation of soaps. An acid-treated vegetable oil mixture is passed through a low shear mixing device prior to being fed to a static hydrodynamic reactor. The static hydrodynamic reactor induces a neutralization reaction that forms soaps in a pressurized vegetable oil mixture. The reacted mixture is discharged from the reactor to a downstream system for separating the formed soaps from the reacted mixture to form a refined vegetable oil having reduced soaps content.

A method for refining vegetable oil is used to reduce formation of soaps. An acid-treated vegetable oil mixture is passed through a low shear mixing device prior to being fed to a static hydrodynamic reactor. The static hydrodynamic reactor induces a neutralization reaction that forms soaps in a pressurized vegetable oil mixture. The reacted mixture is discharged from the reactor to a downstream system for separating the formed soaps from the reacted mixture to form a refined vegetable oil having reduced soaps content.

A protein fraction and an oxidation stable fat fraction are recovered from poultry containing fat, bone and protein. The poultry is comminuted, mixed with a food grade acid at pH 3.6 to 4.4 to form a liquid protein fraction and a solid fat fraction. The liquid fraction is mixed with a food grade alkali to precipitate the protein.

A protein fraction and an oxidation stable fat fraction are recovered from poultry containing fat, bone and protein. The poultry is comminuted, mixed with a food grade acid at pH 3.6 to 4.4 to form a liquid protein fraction and a solid fat fraction. The liquid fraction is mixed with a food grade alkali to precipitate the protein.

The present invention relates to a process reducing in a palm oil the content of unwanted propanol components selected from free chloropropanols, chloropropanol fatty acid esters and combinations of two or more thereof, and the process is comprising a bleaching step using an adsorbent comprising alumina oxide wherein the content of alumina oxide is not more than 9.5%, preferably the adsorbent is having a content of earth alkali oxides of from 12 to 27%.